Stoneybatter STEM Club
Dublin 7, Ireland.

Bringing ideas to life through science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

SSC is a community initiative bringing together people with an interest in STEM to exchange ideas, collaborate on projects, develop prototypes and explore original inventions.

Our aim is to create opportunities for people from different backgrounds and disciplines to learn from one another, experiment with ideas and work together on practical projects.

SSC is at a nascent stage. To express your interest at this point email: info@ssc.ie.

simplified/interconnected layers:
physics
chemistry
biology
neuroscience
Non-STEM
cognition
psychology
behaviour
sociology
economics
political science
history
philosophy

• Domain expertise is a deep understanding and specialized knowledge of a particular STEM field enabling an individual to apply its principles, methods, and skills effctively to solve complex problems.
• Quality and Qualifications Ireland has broad guidelines for education providers. It does not prescribe every lecturer's individual curriculum.
• If you are not enrolled in a university you may still be able to access textbooks in certain university libraries.
• For journals, read the abstract, then the conclusions, then the methodology, then the rest of the article if it is interesting.
• Intuition serves as a guide for generating hypotheses, recognizing patterns, and identifying approaches, which are then tested and refined through rigorous analysis, experimentation, and evidence.

LaTeX editor https://overleaf.com
Math https://www.wolframalpha.com
MIT (STEM) OpenCourseWare https://ocw.mit.edu/
GPAI https://gpai.app
sci-bot https://sci-bot.ru
European AI http://mistral.ai
WIPO IP https://ipportal.wipo.int

Digital & AI Strategy 2030 https://assets.gov.ie/static/documents/5e511b3a/National_Digital_and_AI_Strategy_2030.pdf

SSC didn't want to publish a homepage without any STEM content on it so here is a list of (suggested) prompts for AI.

Most enduring STEM topics 600BC - 1700AD (based on the below)
Navigation Science, Human Anatomy, Calculus.

years quoted are mostly guidelines. check back, the dataset will eventually include all modern markets.
2020 AD Demis Hassabis #AI and scientific computing #AI systems for scientific discovery, protein structure prediction
2015 AD LoRa Alliance #low power wide area networking #LoRaWAN for IoT communication
2014 AD Chris Lattner #computer_s #the Swift programming language
2012 AD John Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka #biology, stem cell #
2011 AD Andrew Ng #machine learning and education #large scale online machine learning education
2010 AD Andrew Farah #electrical and computer engineering #mass-market extended-range electric vehicles
2010 AD John Craig Venter #biology, genomics, synthetic biology #DNA sequencing methods
2010 AD Satoshi Matsuoka #supercomputer architecture #advanced large scale supercomputing
2010 AD Thomas Lippert #supercomputing #infrastructure and supercomputing initiatives
2010 AD Lori Diachin #exascale software, scientific computing #software for exascale scientific applications
2010 AD Lisa Su #processor architecture, HPC hardware #developed high performance processors for supercomputers
2010 AD Bart van Wees #physics, nanophysics, spintronics #
2010 AD Katie Moussouris #computer security #vulnerability disclosure, bug bounty practices
2010 AD Benjamin S. Cook #printed electronics, RF engineering #semiconductor compatible printed electronic processes, printed antennas and electronic devices
2010 AD Bob Moore #automotive #automotive information technology
2009 AD Satoshi Nakamoto #computer_s #Bitcoin
2009 AD Fei-Fei Li #AI and computer vision #advanced large scale datasets and computer vision research
2008 AD Tom Knight #invention, synthetic biology #BioBricks
2008 AD Aleksandr Makarov #invention #Orbitrap mass spectrometer
2008 AD Martin Eberhard #electrical engineering #modern long-range EVs to market
2008 AD Marc Tarpenning #computer and electrical engineering #helped develop EV technology
2008 AD Peter Kogge #computer architecture, exascale computing #worked on exascale computing architectural challenges
2008 AD Dan Kaminsky #computer_s #DNS and network security
2007 AD Jung-Tsung Shen #particle physics #photonic molecules
2007 AD Duncan Lorimer, David Narkevic #astrophysics, extragalactic radio burst #
2007 AD Pranoti Nagarkar-Israni #invention #Rotimatic
2006 AD Neanderthal Genome Project #genetics #
2006 AD Roger Kornberg #chemistry, eukaryotic transcription #RNA polymerase II
2006 AD Jensen Huang #GPU computing, accelerated computing #programmable general purpose computing
2006 AD Ian Buck #GPU programming #CUDA and GPU computing
2005 AD John L. Hall #precision optical metrology #laser based precision spectroscopy, optical frequency comb technology
2004 AD Martin Odersky #computer_s #the Scala programming language
2004 AD Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov #solid-state physics, materials science #characterized graphene - a single layer of carbon atoms
2003 AD Takao Someya #flexible electronics, wearable technology #flexible electronic devices, stretchable sensors, electronic skin
2001 AD Katsuhiko Okamoto #invention #Okamoto Cubes
2000 AD Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa #polymer chemistry, conductive polymers #helped establish scientific foundations of organic and printed electronics
2000 AD DONUT #particle physics, tau neutrino #
2000 AD Arun Ross #computer vision, pattern recognition #contributed to biometric fusion
2000 AD Kirk Skaugen #high performance computing systems #server and computing system architecture
2000 AD Jeff Vetter #GPU accelerated HPC #GPU-based supercomputer architectures and scientific computing
2000 AD David Bader #HPC and data intensive computing #advanced parallel computing and data intensive scientific applications
2000 AD David Brock #RFID and supply chain technology #examined RFID and connected supply chain development
2000 AD Henning Sirringhaus #organic semiconductor physics, printing technology #printed organic thin film transistors, organic semiconductor devices
1999 AD Joe LaRosa #global fleet strategy #multinational fleet management, global fleet governance
1999 AD Kevin Ashton #internet of things #termed IoT for RFID and supply chain management
1999 AD Neil Gershenfeld #connected objects and digital fabrication #when things start to think
1999 AD Andy Stanford-Clark, Arlen Nipper #messaging and internet of things #co-developed MQTT
1998 AD Supernova Cosmology Project | High-Z Supernova Team #cosmology, accelerating universe #
1998 AD Bluetooth SIG #wireless communication #develop and maintain bluetooth standards
1998 AD Joan Daemen, Vincent Rijmen #computer_s # Advanced Encryption Standard
1998 AD Richard Hebner #materials science, inkjet printing #early inkjet printed organic light emitting devices
1997 AD Theresa Ragozine #global fleet management #worldwide corporate vehicle fleets
1997 AD Takeshi Uchiyamada #automotive engineering #first mass-produced hybrid car
1997 AD Fermilab #particle physics, upsilon #
1997 AD Tomislav Uzelac #invention, computer_s #first successful MP3 player AMP
1997 AD Joseph #materials science, electronic ink #pioneered electronic ink technology
1996 AD Roslin Institute #cloning, first mammal cloned #
1996 AD Michel Mayor, Didier Queloz #astrophysics #51 Pegasi b
1996 AD John O'Sullivan #engineering, wireless communication #contributed to WIFI
1996 AD OPC Foundation #industrial communication standards #standards for exchanging data between industrial systems
1995 AD Martin Perl, Frederick Reines #physics #neutrino, tau lepton
1995 AD Brendan Eich #computer_s, javascript #the JavaScript programming language
1995 AD Kazuo Hashimoto #invention #caller-ID answering machine
1995 AD Barrett Comiskey #material science, electrophoretic displays #microencapsulated electrophoretic display technology
1995 AD JD Albert #electronic materials, display technology #helped development of microencapsulated electronic ink display technology
1994 AD Rasmus Lerdorf #invention, computer_s #PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
1994 AD World Wide Web Consortium* #standards, computer_s #
1994 AD George Olah #chemistry, carbocation chemistry #
1994 AD Broadband Forum #computer_s, standards #
1994 AD Donald Becker #computer_s, linux clusters #helped develop the Beowulf cluster concept
1994 AD Bruce Schneier #computer_s, cybersecurity #applied cryptography
1994 AD Jaap Haartsen #bluetooth wireless communication #
1993 AD John Daugman #math, computer vision, pattern recognition #iris-recognition algorithms
1993 AD Yukihiro Matsumoto #computer_s, ruby #the Ruby programming language
1993 AD Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman #math, computer_s #the R programming language
1992 AD Connie Clark #automotive repair #recruitment of STEM students
1992 AD Georges Charpak #invention, particle physics #particle detectors
1992 AD The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection #radio, microwave, ultraviolet, infrared recommendations #
1991 AD James Gosling #invention, computer_s #the Java programming language
1991 AD Richard Ernst #chemistry, spectroscopy #
1991 AD Guido van Rossum #invention, programming languages #the Python programming language
1991 AD Linus Benedict Torvalds #computer_s, operating systems #Linux kernel
1991 AD Philip Zimmermann #computer_s #email encryption and privacy
1991 AD Philip Zimmermann #computer_s #email encryption and privacy
1991 AD Sumio Iijima #materials science, physics, #discovered carbon nanotubes - nanomaterials with electrical and mechanical properties
1990 AD Shuji Nakamura #blue LEDs, semiconductor lasers #blue LEDs, blue semiconductor laser technology
1990 AD Anil K. Jain #computer_s, machine learning, pattern recognition #face recognition, biometric matching, multimodal biometric systems
1990 AD Ian Foster #distributed computing, grid computing #grid computing, distributed scientific collaboration
1990 AD Carl Kesselman #grid computing #co-developed grid computing concepts and infrastructure
1990 AD Thomas Sterling #parallel computing, cluster architecture #co-developed the Beowulf cluster concept and advanced parallel computing
1990 AD William Gropp #parallel computing, MPI, scientific software #MPI and scalable parallel software, helped scalable scientific computing infrastructure
1990 AD Barbara Chapman #OpenMP, parallel computing #shared-memory parallel programming and OpenMP development
1990 AD David Kirk #GPU architecture #GPU architecture and programmable graphics computing
1990 AD The Human Genome Project #genetics #
1990 AD David Culler #wireless sensor networks #contributed to embedded systems and wireless sensor networking
1990 AD Deborah Estrin #sensor networks #researched wireless sensor networks and distributed sensing
1990 AD Mike Muller #embedded computing #contributed to low power processor technology
1990 AD Dick Caro #industrial networking #worked on industrial automation and interoperability initiatives
1990 AD Ross Anderson #computer_s, engineering #security engineering, computer security economics, cryptography
1990 AD Theodor W. Hansch #laser spectroscopy, optical frequency comb technology #laser based precision spectroscopy, optical frequency comb technology
1990 AD James Wayman #biometric identification systems #
1990 AD Zhenan Bao #materials science, organic electronics #advanced flexible organic semiconductors, organic transistors, electronic skin
1990 AD George Malliaras #organic electronics, printed electronic devices #organic electronic materials, transistors, sensors, bioelectronic devices
1990 AD Dennis Overholser #automotive #automotive electrical engineering
1989 AD European IP Networks #computer_s #
1989 AD Video Electronics Standards Association #computer_s, standards #
1989 AD Brian Fox #computer_s #GNU Bash shell
1989 AD Magellan #space probe #
1989 AD Yann LeCun #machine learning, computer vision #convolutional neural network applications for recognising handwritten digits
1989 AD Steven Scott Crump #invention #fused deposition modeling
1989 AD Object Management Group #computer_s, voluntary standards #Unified Modelling Language
1989 AD Don Eigler #nanotechnology, physics #arranged individual atoms to form the IBM logo
1988 AD John Gustafson #parallel computing, performance scaling #Gustafson's law
1988 AD Robert Morris #computer_s #Internet Virus
1988 AD Stephen Wolfram #math, physics, computer_s #the Wolfram language
1988 AD Societe Europeenne des Satellites (ASTRA) #geostationary satellite #
1988 AD Jon Postel #computer_s #Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
1988 AD Gene Spafford #computer_s #incident response and cybersecurity
1987 AD Ching Tang, Steven Van Slyke #invention, OLED technology #organic light-emitting diode technology
1987 AD Ted Selker #computer_s, invention #Pointing stick
1987 AD Larry Wall #computer_s #the Perl scripting language
1986 AD Geoffrey Hinton #AI and deep learning #worked on learning algorithms for neural networks
1986 AD Eric Thomas #computer_s #Electronic Mailing List
1986 AD Internet Engineering Task Force* #standards, computer_s #Internet protocol suite
1986 AD IETF #internet communication standards #internet standards, protocols for connected devices
1986 AD Hiroshi Amano #GaN semiconductor technology #development of high quality gallium nitride crystals and p-type GaN
1986 AD Arthur Ashkin #laser optics, optical manipulation #invented optical tweezers
1986 AD Gene Mosher, Nick Colley #computer_s, POS software engineering #early touchscreen POS system
1985 AD D Gregory Powell #emergency medicine and aviation #founded STARS helicopter air ambulance service
1985 AD Leslie Lamport #computer_s, distributed computing, algorithms #LaTeX, developed logical clocks and foundational distributed system algorithms
1985 AD Radia Perlman #computer_s, engineering #network security and networking, spanning tree protocol
1985 AD Richard Smalley, Harold Kroto, Robert Curl #nanotechnology, chemistry, nanocarbon science #co-discovered a spherical carbon nanostructure known as buckminsterfullerene
1985 AD Donna Strickland, Gerard Mourou #ultrafast laser technology #co-developed chirped pulse amplification
1984 AD Alec Jeffreys #biology, molecular biology, invention #DNA Fingerprinting
1983 AD Chris Cozad #vehicle diagnostics #advanced diagnotics for EVs
1982 AD Courtney Goodin, Laurence Abrams #invention, electronic engineering #teleprompter
1982 AD Christoph Gerber, Calvin Quate, Gerd Binnig #invention #Atomic force microscope
1982 AD Rich Skrenta #computer_s, invention #elk cloner computer virus
1982 AD Peter Lynch #meteorology #
1982 AD Computing Technology Industry Association #computer_s #A+, Linux+, Network+, Security+, Server+
1982 AD Nadrian Seeman #nanotechnology, chemistry, molecular biology #pioneered DNA nanotechnology
1981 AD John Hennessy #computer architecture, parallel computing #co-developed RISC architecture concepts
1981 AD Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer #physics, nanotechnology #scanning tunnelling microscope
1981 AD K. Eric Drexler #nanotechnology, engineering #molecular nanotechnology concepts, molecular-scale manufacturing
1981 AD Clive Finkelstein #information technology engineering #
1981 AD Venera 13 #space probe #
1981 AD Aaron O'Connell #invention #first Quantum machine
1981 AD Nile Cornelison #automotive #automotive data systems
1980 AD John Bannister Goodenough #invention #glass-based battery
1980 AD Stanford Ovshinsky #materials science, energy storage #nickel-metal hydride battery
1980 AD Judea Pearl #probabilistic AI, casual inference #Bayesian networks and computational methods for reasoning under uncertainty
1980 AD David Patterson #computer architecture #co-developed RISC architecture concepts
1980 AD Burton Smith #computer_s, multithreaded parallel architecture #developed massively parallel computer architectures
1980 AD James Demmel #numerical algorithms, parallel computing #algorithms and software for high performance numerical computation
1980 AD David Bailey #numerical analysis, high precision computing #advanced numerical algorithms, mathematical computation and high precision arithmetic
1980 AD David Padua #compiler technology, parallel computing #advanced compiler techniques parallel and scientific computing
1980 AD Ken Kennedy #parallel programming, compiler technology #programming tools and compiler technology for parallel systems
1980 AD Sophie Wilson #processor architecture #designed instruction set architecture of ARM processor
1980 AD IEEE #networking and communication standards #Ethernet standards, wireless communication standards used in IoT
1980 AD Kazimierz Kuratowski #logic, math #
1980 AD Robert Metcalfe #invention, computer_s #co-invented Ethernet
1980 AD Isamu Akasaki #semiconductor materials, semiconductor technology #blue LEDs
1979 AD Roy Lunn #automotive engineering #the father of the modern SUV
1979 AD Jack Dongarra #numerical algorithms, scientific computing #advanced numerical software libraries and methods for measuring supercomputer performance
1979 AD Bjarne Stroustrup #invention, computer_s #the C++ programming language
1979 AD International Maritime Satellite Organization #geostationary satellite #
1979 AD Michael Aldrich #computer_s, electronic commerce #early online shopping using computer networks and television technology
1978 AD Robert Edwards #invention, physiology, medicine #In vitro fertilisation
1977 AD Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard Adleman #math, computer_s #encryption algorithms, cryptography
1977 AD Bhargav Sri Prakash #invention #platform for digital vaccines
1977 AD Voyager 1 #space probe #
1977 AD Advanced Research Projects Agency #computer_s #
1976 AD S.Lester Landau #fleet education and professional development #fleet management standards and certifications
1976 AD James Red Duke #trauma surgery #civilian helicopter ambulance program in United States
1976 AD Steve Wozniak #personal computer hardware #designed Apple I computer
1976 AD James Truchard #instrumentation and industrial measurement #developed technologies for automated measurement and control
1976 AD Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman #math, computer_s #co-developed public key cryptography
1976 AD Kenneth Appel, Wolfgang Haken #math, topology #
1975 AD Bill Gates #software development, business computing #microsoft
1975 AD European Space Agency #observatory #
1974 AD Russell Hulse, Joseph Taylor #astrophysics #
1974 AD Norio Taniguchi #nanotechnology, precision engineering #ultra-precision machining and nanoscale manufacturing
1974 AD Donald Chamberlin, Raymond Boyce #computer_s #Structured Query Language
1974 AD Marin Soljacic #invention #Resonant inductive coupling
1974 AD James Bowler #geology, geomorphology #
1974 AD Robert Kahn, Vint Cerf #invention, internet protocols #Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
1973 AD Takeo Kanade #computer vision, robotics #contributed to computer-based facial recognition
1973 AD Mario Cardullo #RFID technology #patented an early active RFID transponder with rewritable memory
1973 AD Chairles Walton #RFID identification #patent for electronic identification system using radio frequency technology
1973 AD George J. Laurer #electrical engineering, barcode systems #developed the Universal Product Code
1973 AD Global Positioning System* #radionavigation-satellite service #
1973 AD Larry Page, Sergey Brin #invention #invented Google web search engine
1973 AD Laurence Nagel #computer_s #Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis
1972 AD John Hollon #standards and certifications for automotive technicians
1972 AD James McLurkin #invention, robotics #Ant robotics
1972 AD Eugene Roshal #invention, computer_s #FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver
1972 AD Dennis Ritchie #invention, computer_s, systems programming, security software #the C programming language
1972 AD Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor #invention #cell growth in outer space, crystallization of proteins and microbes in space
1972 AD Alain Colmerauer #computer_s #the Prolog programming language
1971 AD Milo Matick #fleet sales and distribution #fleet vehicle sales and remarketing programs for commercial fleets
1971 AD Norman Abramson #wireless networking #developed an early wireless packet communication network
1971 AD Masatoshi Shima #invention, microprocessor engineering #microprocessor, the Intel 4004
1971 AD Bill Bowerman #invention #waffle-sole running shoes
1971 AD Ray Tomlinson #invention, computer_s #First inter-computer email
1970 AD Walter S. Graf #cardiology #modern paramedic ambulance system
1970 AD John McCarry #mechanical engineering #developed water pump for RVs
1970 AD Raj Reddy #speech recognition, robotics #speech recognition systems, voice-based computing
1970 AD James Thornton #computer_s, vector processing #advanced vector computer architecture
1970 AD Frances Allen #compiler optimisation, parallel computing #developed compiler optimisation techniques
1970 AD Barbara Liskov #programming languages, distributed systems #advanced programming language design and distributed systems concepts
1970 AD Cleve Moler #numerical computing #MATLAB
1970 AD John Richard Wiegand #magnetic sensing, credential technology #developed Wiegand technology
1970 AD Mulalo Doyoyo #invention #Cenocell - cementless concrete
1970 AD Information Age (Multimedia Age, Social Age, Big Data Age) #information technology #
1969 AD Willard Boyle, George E. Smith #invention #charge-coupled device image sensor
1969 AD Ken Thompson #computer_s, operating systems #software security, co-developed unix
1969 AD Stanley Mazor #invention, microprocessor architecture #microprocessor, the Intel 4004
1969 AD Lori Greiner #invention #anti-tarnish lining
1969 AD Apollo 11 #human spaceflight #
1969 AD ARPANET #computer_s #
1969 AD Paul Schiefer #mechanical engineering #performance drivetrain components
1968 AD Robert Dennard #invention, semiconductor memory #dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cell
1968 AD John Anderson #electronics engineering #portable defibrillators for ambulances
1968 AD Donald Knuth #algorithms, computer programming #the art of computer programming
1968 AD Richard Morley #industrial automation #developed the programmable logic controller (PLC)
1968 AD Larry Sanger, Jimmy Wales #invention #Wikipedia
1967 AD J. D. Farrington #emergency medicine #modern EMS training, ambulance care standards
1967 AD Gene Amdahl #computer architecture, theoretical physics #Amdahl's Law
1967 AD David Noble #magnetic storage #contributed to development of floppy disk
1967 AD David Collins #optical scanning, barcode technology #helped pioneer commercial barcode scanning systems
1967 AD John Shepherd-Barron #electronic banking, ATM technology #developed operational cash dispensing ATM
1967 AD Rene Favaloro #physiology, medicine #Coronary Bypass Surgery
1967 AD Jarkko Oikarinen #invention, computer_s #Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1967 AD World Intellectual Property Organization #intellectual property #
1966 AD John Geddes #cardiology #co-developed first mobile coronary care ambulance service
1966 AD John K. Hanson #industrial engineering, manufacturing #development of Winnebago
1966 AD Woodrow Wilson Bledsoe #computer science, pattern recognition #computer-assisted facial recognition
1966 AD Daniel Slotnick #computer architecture, parallel processing #led development of an early experimental massively parallel computer
1966 AD Charles Kuen Kao #fibre-optic communication #low-loss optical fibres for telecommunications
1966 AD James Goodfellow #computer engineering, financial transaction security #PIN and ATM related invention
1966 AD Grigori Perelman #math #
1965 AD Marcus Du Sautoy #math #
1965 AD Yevgeny Kaspersky #invention #Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products
1965 AD Greg Henderson #invention #hoverboard, Magnetic field architecture, SAFE Building System
1965 AD Frank Pantridge #cardiology, emergency medicine, invention #portable defibrillator, cardiac ambulance
1965 AD Gordon Moore #semiconductor technology #Moore's law
1964 AD John Kemeny, Thomas Kurtz #invention, computer_s #the BASIC programming language
1964 AD International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation #geostationary satellite #
1964 AD Donald N. Frey #mechanical engineering #Ford Mustang sales
1964 AD John DeLorean #industrial and automotive engineering #Pontiac GTO sales
1964 AD Seymour Cray #electrical engineering, supercomputer architecture #designed pioneering supercomputers
1963 AD Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers* #standards #
1963 AD May-Britt Moser #neuroscience #grid cells
1963 AD Timothy Gowers #math #
1963 AD Ahmed Majan #invention #instrumented racehorse saddle
1963 AD Ivan Sutherland #computer_s #Computer-aided design
1963 AD Mitchell Trauring #computer_s, pattern recognition #research on comparing fingerprints using computers
1963 AD Herbert Kroemer #semiconductor heterostructures #advanced heterostructure technology
1962 AD European Southern Observatory #observatory #
1962 AD Lev Davidovich Landau #physics #condensed matter
1962 AD Paul Anastas #green chemistry #pollution prevention
1961 AD Miguel Nicolelis #invention #Brain-machine interfaces
1961 AD Kenyon Taylor #invention #Flip-disc display
1961 AD Edward J. Bobit #fleet information systems and industry development #Automotive Fleet magazine
1960 AD Eric Grant #automotive #regulatory and automotive industry development
1960 AD Scott Jones #invention #versions of voicemail as well as ChaCha Search, a human-assisted search engine
1960 AD Willard Frank Libby #physical chemistry, radiocarbon dating #radiocarbon revolution
1960 AD Randi Altschul #invention #Disposable cellphone
1960 AD Philip Parker #invention #computer automated book authoring
1960 AD R Adams Cowley #trauma medicine #pioneered helicopter trauma transport and shock-trauma systems
1960 AD Theodore Maiman, Gordon Gould #invention, solid-state lasers #first working laser
1960 AD Gordon Bell #computer engineering, system architecture #PDP and VAX computer systems, contributed to high-performance computing systems
1960 AD John Cocke #processor architecture, compiler #advanced instruction-level optimisation, compiler techniques, and reduced-instruction-set computing
1960 AD Gene Golub #numerical linear algebra #advanced numerical methods for matrix computations and scientific applications
1960 AD Fran Allen #compiler optimisation #developed techniques for improving program performance
1960 AD Paul Baran #computer networking #distributed communication network concepts that influenced packet switching
1960 AD Zhores Alferov #semiconductor heterostructures #heterostructure technology for semiconductor lasers and high speed optoelectronics
1960 AD Nicolaas Bloembergen #nonlinear optics, laser spectroscopy #pioneered nonlinear optical spectroscopy, helped establish modern laser applications
1959 AD Simon Sunatori #invention #MagneScribe and Magic Spicer
1959 AD Luna 3 #space probe #
1959 AD Tony Hoare #computer_s #modern software engineering
1959 AD Alec Issigonis #vehicle design #designed the Mini with transverse-engine layout
1959 AD Robert Noyce #semiconductor engineering #monolithic integrated circuit concept suitable for manufacturing
1959 AD Jean Hoerni #semiconductor manufacturing #developed the planar manufacturing process
1959 AD Richard Feynman #physics, nanotechnology #conceptional foundation for nanotechnology
1958 AD Space Age #space #
1958 AD Remi Swierczek #invention #Inventor of Music Identification System and the Mico Changer (coin hopper and dispenser used in casinos)
1958 AD Ralf Reski #invention #Moss bioreactor 1998
1958 AD Mark Publicover #invention #first affordable trampoline safety net enclosure
1958 AD Kia Silverbrook #invention #Memjet printer, world's most prolific inventor
1958 AD Explorer 1 #geostationary satellite #
1958 AD Harry Glicken #geology, volcanology #
1958 AD John McCarthy #computer_s, symbolic AI #the Lisp programming language
1958 AD Takeo Fujisawa #industrial engineering #developed mass-market motorcycles with Honda
1958 AD Jack Kilby #invention, physics, electrical engineering #integrated circuit, handheld calculator, thermal printer
1958 AD Arthur Leonard Schawlow #laser physics, spectroscopy #contributed to optical masers and laser spectroscopy
1957 AD Felix Wankel #mechanical engineering #the rotary engine
1957 AD Emil Ames #fleet cost analysis and operations #vehicle cost-per-mile analysis, replacement scheduling methods for large fleets
1957 AD Yoshiyuki Sankai #invention, medicine #Robotic exoskeleton for motion support
1957 AD Eric Fossum #invention #intra-pixel charge transfer in CMOS image sensors
1957 AD John Warner Backus #computer_s #the Fortran programming language
1957 AD Sputnik 1 #artificial satellite #
1957 AD Frank Rosenblatt #neural networks, machine learning #the perceptron
1956 AD Lee Lacocca #engineering and automotive marketing #marketing of Ford Mustang
1956 AD Alexey Pajitnov #invention #Tetris
1956 AD Carlo Rovelli #science writer #
1956 AD Timothy Fridtjof Flannery #mammalogy, palaeontology #
1956 AD Steve Kirsch #invention #Optical mouse
1956 AD Joy Mangano #invention #household appliances
1955 AD Hubert Ryan #fleet leasing management #fleet leasing, commercial fleet services
1955 AD Andrew Strominger #physics #strings, black holes, holography
1955 AD Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau #invention, internet, computer_s #World Wide Web
1955 AD Steve Jobs #invention, personal computing #Apple Macintosh computer, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other devices and software operating systems and applications
1955 AD David Chaum #invention #digital signatures, ecash
1954 AD CERN #particle physics #
1954 AD Charles Hard Townes #quantum electronics, laser physics #the maser, contributed to the laser
1953 AD Ian Hector Frazer, Jian Zhou #invention #HPV vaccine against cervical cancer
1953 AD Bran Ferren, Daniel Hillis #invention #Pinch-to-zoom (multi-touch)
1953 AD Andrew John Wiles #math #fermat's last theorem
1953 AD Jimmy Hotz #invention #Hotz MIDI Translator, Atari Hotz Box
1953 AD Esther Takeuchi #invention #holds more than 150 US-patents the largest number for any woman in the United States
1952 AD Yvonne Bruhat #math, general relativity, gravitational wave #
1952 AD Roger Tsien #invention #discovery and development of green fluorescent protein
1952 AD Richard Lyon #invention #Optical mouse
1951 AD John C. Crean #manufacturing engineering #founded Fleetwood Enterprises RV and mobile homes
1951 AD Paul Offit, Fred Clark, Stanley Plotkin #invention #pentavalent Rotavirus vaccine
1951 AD Simon Conway Morris #paleontology #
1951 AD Michael Hartley Freedman #math #
1951 AD Hon Lik #invention #electronic cigarette
1951 AD Dean Kamen #invention #Segway HT scooter, IBOT Mobility Device
1950 AD Taiichi Ohno #automotive, industrial_engineering #lean manufacturing, just-in-time production
1950 AD Bobby Meeks #engine repair, performance tuning #engine rebuilding, performance diagnostics
1950 AD Ephraim Hertzano #invention #Rummikub
1950 AD Cecil Frank Powell #physics #nuclear physics, cosmic-ray
1950 AD Derek Briggs #paleontology, taphonomy #
1950 AD Alec John Jeffreys #invention, genetics, forensics #DNA profiling
1950 AD Ken Kutaragi #invention #PlayStation
1950 AD Gene Dolgoff #invention #LCD projector
1950 AD David Boggs #invention #co-invented Ethernet
1950 AD Digital Revolution #electronics #
1950 AD Fred C. Offenhauser #engineering #engine engineering
1949 AD Ed Seymour #invention #Aerosol paint
1949 AD David Alexander Johnston #geology, volcanology #
1949 AD An Wang #magnetic memory #device that contributed to magnetic code memory
1949 AD Jay Wright Forrester #computer memory, system dynamics #magnetic-core memory systems for digital computers
1948 AD Sam Lee #fleet operations, vehicle leasing #established fleet leasing
1948 AD Soichiro Honda #mechanical engineering #founded Honda, revolutionized affordable motorcycles
1948 AD Alan Lightman #physics, astrophysics #writer
1948 AD Edward Lazear #personnel economics #
1948 AD Erik Trinkaus #paleoanthropology #
1948 AD Raymond Kurzweil #invention, pattern recognition and AI #optical character recognition, flatbed scanner, automated identity-document processing
1948 AD Mamoru Imura #invention #RFIQin (automatic cooking device)
1948 AD Gilles Saint-Hilaire #invention #Quasiturbine, Qurbine
1948 AD Charles Simonyi #invention #Hungarian notation
1948 AD Arne Tiselius #chemistry #protein chemistry, electrophorisis
1948 AD David Levy #astronomy #writer
1948 AD Ed Iskendarian #engineering #engine performance engineering
1947 AD Gerd Binnig #invention #Atomic force microscope, Scanning tunneling microscope
1947 AD International Organization for Standardization* #standards #Open Systems Interconnection
1947 AD Michio Kaku #science writer #
1947 AD Edward Victor Appleton #physics #radio physics, atmospheric science
1947 AD Temple Grandin #invention #the squeeze machine, humane abattoirs
1947 AD James Dyson #invention #Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation
1947 AD Bryan Sykes #genetics #mtDNA, human ancestry
1947 AD Alan Harvey Guth #cosmology, theoretical physics, particle physics #cosmic inflation
1947 AD Robert Robinson #chemistry #alkaloids
1946 AD Marius Mignol #mechanical engineering #radial tire design
1946 AD Harley Howell #fleet finance and vehicle management #developed innovative fleet leasing and management services
1946 AD Adrian Smith #math, statistics #
1946 AD Percy Williams Bridgman #physics #high-pressure physics
1946 AD Kees Schouhamer Immink #invention #Major contributor to development of Compact Disc
1946 AD Atomic Age #atomic physics #
1946 AD Steven Ostro #astronomy #
1945 AD John Mauchly #invention, computer architecture #co-designed ENIAC - first general purpose programmable digital computer
1945 AD Roland Moreno #invention, electronic engineering #memory card concept, foundations of smart card
1945 AD Ian Tattersall #paleoanthropology #
1945 AD Wolfgang Pauli #math, physics, exclusion principle #
1945 AD Mitchell Feigenbaum #math, physics #
1945 AD Ward Christensen #invention #Bulletin board system
1945 AD Julio Palmaz #invention #balloon-expandable stent
1945 AD Gunther von Hagens #invention #whole body Plastination
1945 AD Andreas Pavel #invention #audio devices
1945 AD Artturi Ilmari Virtanen #chemistry #fodder preservation
1945 AD John Presper Eckert #invention, computer engineering #co-designed ENIAC - the first general purpose programmable digital computer
1944 AD Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann #invention #Patch clamp technique
1944 AD Kary Mullis #invention, molecular biology #Polymerase chain reaction
1944 AD Arogyaswami Paulraj #invention #MIMO
1944 AD Michael Gratzel #invention #dye-sensitized solar cell
1944 AD Isidor Isaac Rabi #physics #molecular beam magnetic resonance
1944 AD Richard Leakey #paleoanthropology #
1944 AD Erno Rubik #invention #Rubik's Cube, Rubik's Magic, Rubik's Clock
1944 AD Otto Hahn #chemistry #fission
1943 AD Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts #neuroscience, math #math model of artificial neurons
1943 AD William Dobelle #invention #Dobelle Eye
1943 AD Toshitada Doi, Joop Sinjou #invention #Compact disc
1943 AD Bernard de Neumann #invention #massively parallel self-configuring multi-processor
1943 AD Otto Stern #physics, quantum physics #
1943 AD Donald Johanson #paleoanthropology #
1943 AD Fujio Masuoka #invention #Flash memory
1943 AD George de Hevesy #chemistry #tracers
1943 AD Jocelyn Bell Burnell #astrophysics #pulsars
1942 AD Hedy Lamarr #invention, wireless communications #Spread spectrum radio
1942 AD Leland James #truck manufacturing #founded commercial truck manufacturer
1942 AD Rudolf Jaenisch #invention #first Genetically modified mouse
1942 AD Stephen Hawking #physics, cosmology #
1942 AD Meave Leakey #paleoanthropology #
1942 AD Charles Cantor #invention, molecular biology #Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
1942 AD Shunpei Yamazaki #invention #computer science and solid-state physics patents
1942 AD Martin Rees #astronomy, astrophysics #
1942 AD Robert Sutton Harrington #astronomy #
1942 AD Colin Peter Groves #anthropology, biological anthropology #
1941 AD Martin John Evans #invention #Knockout mouse, Gene targeting
1941 AD John Lewis #planetary science #
1941 AD Gunpei Yokoi #invention #Game Boy
1941 AD Federico Faggin #invention, microprocessor design #microprocessor,the Intel 4004
1941 AD Stephen Jay Gould #evolutionary biology, paleontology #
1941 AD Richard Dawkins #ethology, evolutionary biology #
1941 AD Steven Stanley #biology, paleontology #
1940 AD Dmitri Garbuzov, Zhores Alferov #invention #continuous-wave-operating diode lasers, high-power diode lasers
1940 AD Edward Tryon #physics #quantum fluctuation
1940 AD Peter Atkins #physical chemistry #writer
1940 AD Kamoya Kimeu #paleoanthropology #
1940 AD Daniel Quillen #math #
1940 AD Muhammad Yunus #invention #microcredit, microfinance
1940 AD Lasse Hessel #invention #Female condom
1940 AD Daisuke Inoue #invention #Karaoke machine
1940 AD Walter Alvarez #geology #Alvarez hypothesis
1940 AD Terry Erwin #entomology #
1940 AD Jet Age #engineering, aviation #
1939 AD Zollie Frank #transportation and fleet management innovation #fleet management
1939 AD Nicolas Bourbaki #math #
1939 AD John Kingman #math, statistics, probability #
1939 AD Ernest Orlando Lawrence #invention, physics #cyclotron
1939 AD Chuck Hull #invention #3D printer
1939 AD Frederick Vine #geology, geophysics #
1939 AD Chandra Wickramasinghe #astrobiology, astronomy, mathematics #
1939 AD Alan Gordon Thorne #anthropology #
1938 AD Bradley Efron #math, statistics #
1938 AD Chandra Kumar Naranbhai Patel #invention #Carbon dioxide laser
1938 AD Enrico Fermi #physics #
1938 AD Alan Walker #paleontology #
1938 AD Edwin Southern #invention, molecular biology #Southern blot
1938 AD Gary Starkweather #invention #laser printer, color management
1938 AD David Mills #invention #fuzzball router, network time protocol
1938 AD Richard Kuhn #chemistry #vitamins, carotinoids, chemical compounds
1938 AD James Walter Christy #astronomy #
1938 AD Vic Edelbrock Senior #automotive engineering #
1937 AD Kiichiro Toyoda #automotive, mechanical_engineering #founded Toyota
1937 AD George Zweig #physics, particle physics #
1937 AD Trevor Baylis #invention #wind-up radio
1937 AD Ted Nelson #invention #Hypertext, Hypermedia
1937 AD Ted Hoff #invention, CPU architecture #microprocessor, the Intel 4004
1937 AD Robert Gore #invention #Gore-Tex
1937 AD Charles Henry #invention #Quantum well laser
1936 AD Paul Eisler #invention, electrical engineering, printed circuit boards #influential printed circuit manufacturing, printed circuit in radio
1936 AD Sargrove #electronic manufacturing engineering #automated producing electronic circuits by spraying conductive materials onto insulating boards
1936 AD Herbert Boyer #invention #first genetically modified organism
1936 AD Simon Sze, Dawon Kahng #invention #Floating-gate MOSFET
1936 AD George Heilmeier #invention #liquid crystal display (LCD)
1936 AD Emmett Chapman #invention #Chapman Stick
1936 AD James Lawrence Powell #geology #
1936 AD Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye #chemistry #physical chemistry
1935 AD Tom Parry Jones #invention #first electronic Breathalyzer
1935 AD James Chadwick #physics #neutron
1934 AD Thomas Fogarty #invention, medicine #Embolectomy catheter
1934 AD Robert Moog #invention #the Moog synthesizer
1934 AD James Fergason #invention #improved liquid crystal display
1934 AD Harold Clayton Urey #chemistry #deuterium
1934 AD Allan Charles Wilson #biology #molecular evolution
1934 AD Carl Sagan #astronomy, cosmology, extraterrestrial life #
1934 AD Andre Citreon #industrial engineering #mass-produced front-wheel-drive car
1934 AD Niklaus Wirth #invention #Pascal (programming language)
1934 AD George Zames #systems theory, robust control #
1934 AD Jane Goodall #primatology, anthropology #
1933 AD Heinrich Rohrer, Gerd Binnig #invention #Scanning tunneling microscope
1933 AD Yuri Oganessian #physics #superheavy elements, element 118
1933 AD Thomas Chang #invention #Artificial cell
1933 AD David Raup #paleontology, paleobiology #
1933 AD Oliver Sacks #neurology #
1933 AD Erwin Schrodinger, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac #math, physics #
1933 AD Vladimir Syromyatnikov #invention #Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms
1933 AD Ray Dolby #invention #Dolby noise-reduction system
1933 AD Alexander Coucoulas #invention #Thermosonic bonding
1933 AD Thomas Hunt Morgan #biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, embryology #
1932 AD Michael Smith #invention, molecular biology #Site-directed mutagenesis
1932 AD Ronald Price Hickman #invention #Lotus Elan, the Lotus Elan +2 and the Lotus Europa, the Black & Decker Workmate
1932 AD Yakir Aharonov #physics, quantum physics #quantum mechanics
1932 AD John Cockcroft, Ernest Walton #physics #
1932 AD Werner Heisenberg #math, physics, quantum mechanics #
1932 AD Martin Rudwick #earth sciences #
1932 AD Irving Langmuir #chemistry, surface science, plasma physics #
1932 AD Neil Bartlett #inorganic chemistry #noble gas chemistry
1932 AD Helen Vaughn Michel #chemistry #accelerator mass spectrometry
1932 AD Michael Hart #astrophysics #Fermi paradox
1931 AD William Compston #physics, geophysics #
1931 AD Don Walsh #oceanography #
1931 AD John Willard Milnor #math, topology #
1931 AD Roger Penrose #math, physics, cosmology, topology, manifolds, twistor theory #
1931 AD Gerhard Sessler #invention #foil electret microphone, silicon microphone
1931 AD Arthur Fry #invention #Post-it note
1931 AD Drummond Matthews #geology, geophysics #
1931 AD Wally Byam #engineering, industrial design, lightweight construction #Founded Airstream, introduced aluminium Clipper, pioneered aerodynamic travel trailers
1930 AD Tu Youyou #invention #Artemisinin
1930 AD Edsger Wybe Dijkstra #computer_s #operating systems development
1930 AD Stanley Miller #prebiotic chemistry #origin of life experiments
1930 AD Charles Loring Brace #physical anthropology, paleoanthropology #
1930 AD Spede Pasanen #invention #ski jumping sling, boat ski
1930 AD Hans Fischer #chemistry #haemin
1930 AD Frank Drake #astronomy, astrophysics #Drake Equation
1930 AD Hal McPherson #mechanical engineering, invention #early RV sanitation systems
1930 AD Betty Orr #industrial engineering, manufacturing #custom trailer and mobile-home design and manufacturing
1929 AD John Mooney, Carl D. Keith #invention #three way catalytic converter
1929 AD Louis de Broglie #physics #matter-wave hypothesis
1929 AD Fazlur Khan #invention #structural systems for high-rise skyscrapers
1929 AD Colin Murdoch #invention #tranquillizer gun, disposable hypodermic syringe
1929 AD Richard Lewontin #evolutionary biology #genetic variation
1929 AD Edward Osborne Wilson #biology #ants, biodiversity, sociobiology
1928 AD Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman #physics #Raman effect
1928 AD Joseph Kruskal #math, statistics, computer_s, psychometrics #
1928 AD Yoshiro Nakamatsu #invention #"PyonPyon" spring shoes, digital watch, CinemaScope, armchair "Cerebrex", sauce pump, taxicab meter
1928 AD Owen Willans Richardson #physics #thermionic emission
1928 AD Carl Woese #microbiology #16S rRNA sequencing
1928 AD Leonard Hayflick #medicine, microbiology #Hayflick limit
1928 AD John Forbes Nash #math, economics #
1928 AD Joseph Gall #invention, cell biology #In situ hybridization
1928 AD Bruce Ames #invention, biology, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry #Ames test
1928 AD Yves Klein #invention #International Klein Blue
1928 AD Nick Holonyak #invention, LEDs, semiconductor laser #visible spectrum LED
1928 AD Martin Cooper #invention, wireless communications #handheld cellular mobile phone, mobile credentials technology
1928 AD Eugene Merle Shoemaker #geology, planetary science #
1928 AD Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus #chemistry #sterols
1927 AD Gerard O'Neill #invention, physics #Storage ring
1927 AD Marvin Minsky #invention, cognitive science, cybernetics, artificial intelligence #confocal microscopy
1927 AD Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk #invention #3D holography
1927 AD Svyatoslav Fyodorov #invention #radial keratotomy
1927 AD Lewis Urry #invention #long-lasting alkaline battery
1927 AD Dudley Allen Buck #invention #cryotron, content-addressable memory
1927 AD Leslie Orgel #prebiotic chemistry #RNA world hypothesis
1927 AD Heinrich Otto Wieland #chemistry #bile acids, steroid chemistry
1927 AD Frank Asaro #chemistry #dinosaur extinction, archaeological chemistry
1926 AD Donald Arthur Glaser #invention #Bubble chamber
1926 AD Ali Javan, William R. Bennett Jr. #invention #Gas laser (Helium-Neon)
1926 AD Jean Baptiste Perrin #physics #sedimentation equilibrium
1926 AD Thomas Starzl #organ transplantation #
1926 AD David Attenborough #natural history #
1926 AD Jun-Ichi Nishizawa #invention #Optical communication system, SIT/SITh (Static Induction Transistor/Thyristor), Laser diode, PIN diode
1926 AD Igor Spassky #invention #Sea Launch platform
1926 AD Igor Gorynin #invention #weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels
1926 AD Guy Severin #invention #extra-vehicular activity supporting system
1926 AD Erna Schneider Hoover #invention #computerized telephone switching system
1926 AD Thomas Dale Brock #biology, microbiology #Thermus aquaticus
1926 AD Allan Sandage #astronomy #
1925 AD Walter Chrysler #automotive, mechanical_engineering #manufacturing
1925 AD Oliver Smithies #invention #knockout mouse, gene targeting
1925 AD Nikolay Brusentsov #invention, computer_s #ternary computer (Setun)
1925 AD Mordecai Meirowitz #invention #Mastermind (board game)
1925 AD Anthony Barringer #invention #INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system
1925 AD David Albert Huffman #computer_s #Huffman coding
1925 AD Arthur Earl Bryson #optimal control theory #
1925 AD Erik Christopher Zeeman #math, topology, catastrophe theory #
1925 AD Michele Ferrero #invention #Kinder Surprise = Kinder Eggs, Nutella
1925 AD George Ballas #invention #String trimmer
1925 AD Gazi Yasargil #invention #Microneurosurgery
1925 AD Douglas Engelbart #invention #the computer mouse
1925 AD Alexei Tupolev #invention #the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet)
1925 AD Theodor Svedberg #chemistry #colloidal particles
1925 AD Tom Gehrels #astronomy, planetary science #
1925 AD Charles Ducas #electrochemistry, circuit manufacturing #electroplating electrical circuit patterns onto insulating materials
1924 AD David Cox #math, statistics, probability #
1924 AD Bernard Silver, Norman Joseph Woodland #invention, barcode technology #barcode used for automated productidentification
1924 AD Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn #physics #X-ray spectroscopy
1924 AD Benoit Mandelbrot #math, fractal geometry, computer_s #
1924 AD Michael James Lighthill #math, aeroacoustics #
1924 AD Humberto Fernandez Moran #invention #Diamond scalpel, Ultra microtome
1924 AD Huang Hongjia #invention #Single-mode optical fiber
1924 AD Bette Nesmith Graham #invention #Correction fluid, Liquid Paper
1924 AD Peter Safar #emergency medicine #
1924 AD Richard Adolf Zsigmondy #chemistry #colloids
1923 AD Jerome Lemelson #invention #magnetic tape drive and more
1923 AD Robert Andrews Millikan #physics #oil-drop experiment, photoelectric effect
1923 AD Freeman Dyson #math, physics #
1923 AD Rene Thom #math #
1923 AD Stephanie Kwolek #invention #Kevlar
1923 AD Samuel Face #invention #concrete flatness/levelness technology, Lightning Switch
1923 AD Norman Gaylord #invention #rigid gas-permeable contact lens
1923 AD Norm Larsen #invention #WD-40
1923 AD Fritz Pregl #chemistry #organic microanalysis
1922 AD Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov #invention #co-inventor of laser and maser
1922 AD Niels Henrik David Bohr #physics #
1922 AD Leon Max Lederman #physics #
1922 AD Clifford Charles Butler #physics #
1922 AD Ralph Baer #invention #video game console
1922 AD Paul Winchell #invention #the artificial heart
1922 AD Marie Van Brittan Brown #invention #home security system
1922 AD Keith Runcorn #geophysics #
1922 AD Clair Patterson #geochemistry #
1922 AD Francis William Aston #chemistry #
1922 AD James Bassham #biochemistry #
1921 AD Albert Einstein #physical cosmology, relativity, quantum physics #
1921 AD Victor Almon McKusick #medical genetics #
1921 AD Richard Whitcomb #invention #Supercritical airfoil, Winglet
1921 AD Gavriil Ilizarov #invention #Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis
1921 AD Forrest Parry #invention, magnetic-stripe technology #magnetic stripe card
1921 AD Alexander Kemurdzhian #invention #first space exploration rover (Lunokhod)
1921 AD Lotfi Aliasker Zadeh #computer_s, fuzzy logic #
1921 AD Aaron Temkin Beck #cognitive therapy #
1921 AD Frederick Soddy #chemistry #radioactivity, isotopes
1920 AD Alfred P. Sloan #automotive, electrical_engineering #management and industrial economics
1920 AD Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao #math, statistics #
1920 AD Richard Ernest Bellman #computer_s, dynamic programming #
1920 AD Isaac Asimov #science fiction #
1920 AD Charles Edouard Guillaume #physics #precision measurements, anomalies in nickel-steel alloys
1920 AD Walther Hermann Nernst #physical chemistry #Nernst equation, third law of thermodynamics, Nernst glower
1920 AD Walter Frederick Morrison #invention #Flying disc
1920 AD Nils Bohlin #invention #the three-point seat belt
1920 AD Nicholas McKay #invention #Lint roller
1920 AD Joseph Shivers #invention #Spandex
1920 AD John Higson Cover #invention #Taser
1920 AD Henry Heimlich #invention #Heimlich maneuver
1920 AD Hal Anger #invention #well counter (radioactivity measurements), gamma camera
1920 AD Ed Lowe #invention #Cat litter
1920 AD Lawrence Morley #geophysics #
1920 AD Robert Whittaker #ecology #
1920 AD John Francis Richardson #chemical engineering #
1920 AD Rosalind Franklin #biology, genetics, molecular biology #X-ray crystallography
1920 AD Thomas Gold #astronomy, astrophysics #
1920 AD Walter Schlage #mechanical locks, electromechanical locks #push-button locking mechanisms
1919 AD Homer B. Roberts #STEM-adjacent automotive sales #First Black automotive dealer in the United States
1919 AD David Blackwell #math, statistics #
1919 AD Andrew Kay #invention #Digital voltmeter
1919 AD International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry* #standards #Inorganic Chemistry Division
1919 AD Johannes Stark #physics #Stark effect, spectroscopy
1919 AD Tracy Hall #invention #synthetic diamond
1919 AD Robert Hall #invention, semiconductor laser diodes #early semiconductor injection laser
1919 AD Peter Petroff #invention #digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments
1919 AD Maurice Hilleman #invention #vaccines against childhood diseases
1919 AD Hubert Schlafly #invention #Teleprompter (Autocue)
1919 AD Boris Mamyrin #invention #reflectron (ion mirror)
1919 AD Artur Fischer #invention #fasteners including fischertechnik
1919 AD Reginald Sprigg #geology, oceanography #
1919 AD International Astronomical Union #assignment of designations to celestial bodies #
1918 AD Walter L. Jacobs #automotive_rental #mechanical and transportation entrepreneurship
1918 AD Frederick Sanger #invention #Sanger sequencing (DNA sequencing)
1918 AD Amos Edward Joel #invention, electrical engineering #
1918 AD Max Planck #math, physics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics #
1918 AD Leland Clark #invention, medicine #Clark electrode
1918 AD Mutsuo Sugiura #invention #Esophagogastroduodenoscope
1918 AD Gersh Budker #invention #electron cooling, co-inventor of collider
1918 AD Floyd Paxton #invention #bread clip
1918 AD Robert Ettinger #cryonics #
1917 AD John Fenn #invention #Electrospray ionization
1917 AD Arthur C. Clarke #science fiction #
1917 AD Charles Glover Barkla #physics #characteristic X-ray radiation, X-ray scattering
1917 AD Edward Norton Lorenz #math, chaos theory #
1917 AD Marion O'Brien Donovan #invention #Waterproof diaper
1917 AD Kerim Kerimov #invention #co-developer of human spaceflight, space dock, space station
1917 AD Harry Coover #invention #Super Glue
1917 AD Edgar Villchur #invention #acoustic suspension (loudspeaker)
1917 AD Harrison Brown #chemistry, meteorology, geochemistry #
1917 AD Andrew Benson #biochemistry #Calvin-Benson cycle
1917 AD Leonid Brekhovskikh #acoustical oceanography #
1916 AD Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov #invention #co-inventor of laser and maser
1916 AD Rostislav Alexeyev #invention #Ekranoplan
1916 AD Robert Henry Dicke #physics, astrophysics, cosmology #cosmic microwave background
1916 AD Harry Blackmore Whittington #paleontology #
1916 AD Claude Shannon #math, engineering, cryptography, information theory #
1916 AD Paul Halmos #math #
1916 AD William Brown #invention #Crossed-field amplifier
1916 AD Ruth Handler #invention #Barbie doll
1916 AD Ruth Benerito #invention #permanent press (no-iron clothing)
1916 AD Pehr Victor Edman #invention #Edman degradation for Protein sequencing
1916 AD Peter Danckwerts #chemical engineering #surface renewal theory of mass transfer
1915 AD John Wilder Tukey #math, statistics, topology #
1915 AD Sam Golden, Leonard Bocour #invention #Acrylic paint
1915 AD William Henry Bragg, William Lawrence Bragg #physics, x-ray crystallography #
1915 AD Richard Hamming #invention #Hamming code
1915 AD Les Paul #invention #multitrack recording
1915 AD Hugh Bradner #invention #Wetsuit
1915 AD Eugene Polley, Robert Adler #invention #wireless remote control
1915 AD Fred Hoyle #cosmology #
1915 AD Richard Martin Willstatter #chemistry #plant pigments, enzymes
1914 AD Dimitar Paskov #invention #Galantamine
1914 AD Jack LaLanne #fitness #regular exercise, strength training, healthy eating
1914 AD Theodore William Richards #chemistry #precise determination of atomic weights
1914 AD Bernard Vonnegut, Henry Chessin, Richard E. Passarelli Jr. #invention #cloud seeding by silver iodide
1914 AD Max von Laue #physics #X-ray diffraction by crystals
1914 AD Allyn Vine #oceanography #
1914 AD Jonas Salk #medicine, virology #injection Polio vaccine
1914 AD James Van Allen #magnetospheric physics #
1914 AD Lyman Spitzer #invention, physics #Stellarator
1914 AD Vladimir Chelomey #invention #first space station (Salyut)
1914 AD Samuel Alderson #invention #Crash test dummy
1914 AD Norman Holter #invention #Holter monitor
1914 AD Gyula Takatsy #invention #first Microtiter plate
1914 AD Evgeny Murzin #invention #ANS synthesizer
1913 AD Georgy Flyorov #physics #spontaneous fission of uranium nuclei, element 114
1913 AD Paul Erdos #math, number theory, combinatorics, probability, set theory, analysis #
1913 AD Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell #math #
1913 AD Edward Abraham #invention, biochemistry #cephalosporin
1913 AD Heike Kamerlingh Onnes #physics #low-temperature physics, superconductivity
1913 AD Mary Leakey #paleoanthropology #
1913 AD Otto Schmitt #invention, electronics #Schmitt trigger
1913 AD Wallace Coulter #invention #Coulter principle
1913 AD Paul Fisher #invention #Space Pen
1913 AD Otto Wichterle #invention #soft contact lens
1913 AD Alfred Werner #chemistry #coordination chemistry
1913 AD Arthur Berry #electrical engineering, circuit fabrication #print-and-etch method for producing electrical circuits
1912 AD Edward G. Budd #manufacturing engineering #stamped-steel automobile bodies and steel wheels
1912 AD Ralph Belknap Baldwin #planetary science #
1912 AD Nils Gustaf Dalen #physics #automatic lighthouse lighting systems
1912 AD Milton Friedman #monetary economics #
1912 AD Alan Turing #logic, math, computer_s, cryptanalysis, biology #
1912 AD Albert Coons #invention, microscopy #Immunofluorescence
1912 AD Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner #invention #sanitary belt
1912 AD Gilmore Schjeldahl #invention #Airsickness bag
1912 AD Francis Rogallo #invention #Rogallo wing
1912 AD Wernher von Braun #aerospace engineering #
1912 AD Charles Kettering #electrical engineering, invention #automobile self-starter ignition, Freon ethyl gasoline
1911 AD Mstislav Keldysh #invention #co-developer of Sputnik 1
1911 AD Wilhelm Wien #physics #radiation physics
1911 AD Caleb Gattegno #math #
1911 AD Willem Johan Kolff #invention #artificial kidney hemodialysis machine
1911 AD Fe del Mundo #invention #non-electric incubator
1911 AD Alfred William Gallagher #invention #electric fence for farmers
1911 AD Marie Curie #chemistry #radioactivity, radium
1911 AD Carl Keenan Seyfert #astronomy #
1910 AD William Bradford Shockley #invention #co-inventor of transistor
1910 AD Konrad Zuse #invention, computer engineering #first programmable general-purpose computer (Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4)
1910 AD William Hayward Pickering #space exploration, engineering, aeronautics #
1910 AD Johannes Diderik van der Waals #physics, theoretical physics, thermodynamics #real gas and liquid behaviour
1910 AD Roy Plunkett #invention #Teflon
1910 AD Momofuku Ando #invention #Instant noodles
1910 AD Jacques Cousteau #invention #co-inventor of the aqualung and the Nikonos underwater camera
1910 AD Jacob Rabinow #invention #magnetic particle clutch, phonograph-related patents
1910 AD Georgy Gause #invention #gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin, other antibiotics
1910 AD Christopher Cockerell #invention #Hovercraft
1910 AD Otto Wallach #chemistry #
1910 AD Ejnar Hertzsprung, Henry Norris Russell #astronomy #
1909 AD Mikhail Mil #invention #Mi-series helicopter aircraft
1909 AD Wilhelm Ostwald #chemistry #catalysis, chemical equilibria, chemical reaction rates
1909 AD Marguerite Perey #physics #actinium k
1909 AD Stanislaw Ulam #math, physics, nuclear fusion #
1909 AD Virginia Apgar #invention, anesthesiology, teratology, neonatology #Apgar score
1909 AD Walton Musser #invention #Harmonic drive gear
1909 AD Vladimir Barmin #invention #first rocket launch complex (spaceport)
1909 AD Rudolf Kompfner #invention #Traveling-wave tube
1909 AD Gustav Guanella #invention #DSSS, Guanella-Balun
1909 AD Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy #invention #Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project
1909 AD Erhard Kietz #invention #signal improvements for video transmissions
1909 AD Edwin Land #invention #Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera
1909 AD Sonia Bleeker #anthropology #
1908 AD William C. Durant #automotive, industrial_entrepreneurship #founded general motors, industrial organization
1908 AD Henry Ford #automotive, mechanical_engineering, industrial manufacturing, manufacturing economics #moving assembly line
1908 AD John Bardeen #invention #co-inventor of the transistor
1908 AD Valentyn Glushko #invention #hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion
1908 AD Min Chueh Chang, Gregory Goodwin Pincus #invention #Combined oral contraceptive pill
1908 AD Lucio Bini, Ugo Cerletti #invention #Electroconvulsive therapy
1908 AD Karl-Hermann Geib #invention #Girdler sulfide process
1908 AD Ernest Rutherford #physics, chemistry #
1908 AD George Rochester #physics #V-particles
1908 AD Gabriel Lippmann #physics #colour photography based on interference
1908 AD Raymond Scott #invention #inventor and developer of electronic music technology
1908 AD Arkhip Lyulka #invention #first double jet turbofan engine, Soviet aircraft engines
1907 AD Nikolai Nikitin #invention #prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure, Nikitin-Travush 4000 project
1907 AD Albert Abraham Michelson #physics #
1907 AD Maurice Kendall #math, statistics #
1907 AD Sergey Korolyov #invention #co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite)
1907 AD Edward Bullard #physics, geophysics #
1907 AD Erik Jarvik #paleontology #
1907 AD Lars Ahlfors #math, complex analysis #
1907 AD Robert Anson Heinlein #invention, science fiction #waterbed
1907 AD Yevgeny Zavoisky #invention #EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy
1907 AD Vladimir Veksler #invention #synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron
1907 AD Sidney Rosenthal #invention #Magic Marker
1907 AD George de Mestral #invention #Velcro
1907 AD Frank Whittle #invention #co-inventor of the jet engine
1907 AD Eduard Buchner #chemistry, enzymology #cell-free fermentation
1907 AD Hallam Movius #archaeology #
1906 AD Ernst Ruska #invention #electron microscope
1906 AD Earl Bascom #invention #rodeo bucking chute, rodeo bronc saddle, rodeo bareback rigging, rodeo riding chaps
1906 AD Bruno de Finetti #math, statistics #
1906 AD Reynold Johnson #invention, computer_s #Hard disk drive
1906 AD Ivan Knunyants #invention #capron, Nylon 6, polyamide-6
1906 AD International Electrotechnical Commission* #standards #electrotechnology
1906 AD Joseph John Thomson #physics #electron, conduction of electricity through gas
1906 AD Kurt Godel #logic, math #
1906 AD Grace Murray Hopper #invention, computer_s #programming technology, compiler technology, involved in COBOL development
1906 AD Vitaly Abalakov #invention #camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor
1906 AD Vincent Joseph Schaefer #invention #cloud seeding by dry ice
1906 AD Victor Hasselblad #invention #invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera
1906 AD Rune Elmqvist #invention #implantable pacemaker
1906 AD Philo Farnsworth #invention #electronic television
1906 AD Peter Carl Goldmark #invention #vinyl record (LP), CBS color television
1906 AD John Haven Emerson #invention #iron lung
1906 AD Chester Carlson #invention #Xerographic copier
1906 AD Benjamin Eisenstadt #invention #sugar packet
1906 AD Anatoly Kharlampiev #invention #Sambo (martial art)
1906 AD Alexander Yakovlev #invention #Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet)
1906 AD Albert Hofmann #invention #LSD
1906 AD Albert Bruce Sabin #invention #oral Polio vaccine
1906 AD Harry Hammond Hess #geology #
1906 AD Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen #evolutionary economics, ecological economics, thermoeconomics, bioeconomics #
1906 AD Henri Moissan #chemistry #fluorine, electric arc furnace
1906 AD Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramon y Cajal #biology, neuroscience, pathology #
1906 AD Clyde Tombaugh #astronomy, ufology #
1905 AD Augustus Mack #mechanical engineering #patented truck transmission improvements and advanced truck design
1905 AD Karl Guthe Jansky #invention, physics, radio astronomy #radio telescope
1905 AD Walter Zapp #invention #Minox (subminiature camera)
1905 AD Gerard Kuiper #planetary science #
1905 AD Louis Harold Gray #physics, radiobiology #
1905 AD Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard #physics #cathode rays
1905 AD Tommy Flowers #invention #Colossus an early electronic computer
1905 AD Robert Swanson #invention #Invented and developed the first multi-chime air horn for use with diesel locomotives
1905 AD Ri Sung-gi #invention #Vinylon
1905 AD Arthur Young #invention #the Bell Helicopter
1905 AD John Henry Rushton #chemistry #industrial mixing and agitation
1905 AD Johann Adolf von Baeyer #chemistry #organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds
1905 AD Erwin Chargaff #biochemistry #
1905 AD Hans Freudenthal #algebraic topology #
1904 AD Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov #invention #Cherenkov detector
1904 AD Gyorgy Gomori #invention, histology #Gymori trichrome stain, Gymori methenamine silver stain
1904 AD George Gamow #physics, cosmology #early universe
1904 AD Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) #physics, chemistry #
1904 AD Louis Neel #physics #antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism
1904 AD Mark Serrurier #invention #Serrurier truss for Optical telescopes
1904 AD Burrhus Frederic Skinner #invention #Operant conditioning chamber
1904 AD Alexey Dushkin #invention #deep column station
1904 AD Charles Hutchins Hapgood #earth science #
1904 AD William Ramsay #chemistry #the noble gases
1904 AD Ernst Mayr #biology, biological systematics, evolutionary biology, ornithology #
1904 AD Carleton Stevens Coon #anthropology #
1903 AD William S. Harley #mechanical engineering #designed Harley-Davidson motorcycles
1903 AD Arthur Davidson #industrial engineering #helped establish one of the most influential motorcycle manufacturers
1903 AD Giulio Natta, Karl Ziegler #invention #Ziegler-Natta catalyst
1903 AD Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov #math, probability #
1903 AD John Vincent Atanasoff #invention, electronic computing #early electronic digital computing machine
1903 AD Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie #physics #
1903 AD Louis Leakey #paleoanthropology #
1903 AD George Evelyn Hutchinson #limnology #
1903 AD John Von Neumann #invention, math, computer_s #Von Neumann computer architecture
1903 AD Wright brothers #invention #Orville (1871-1948) and Wilbur (1867-1912) powered airplane
1903 AD Ruth Graves Wakefield #invention #chocolate chip cookie
1903 AD Oleg Losev #invention #light-emitting diode, crystadine
1903 AD John Heysham Gibbon #invention #Heart-lung machine
1903 AD Igor Kurchatov #invention #first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships
1903 AD Franc Trkman #invention #electrical switches, accessories for opening windows
1903 AD Charlie Booth #invention #Starting blocks
1903 AD Charles Brannock #invention #Brannock Device (shoe size)
1903 AD Alan Blumlein #invention #stereo
1903 AD Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen #invention #Giesl ejector
1903 AD Kathleen Lonsdale #crystallography #
1903 AD Svante Arrhenius #chemistry #electrolytic dissociation theory
1903 AD Albert Hanson #electrical engineering, printed circuit technology #early printed electrical conductors on insulating boards
1902 AD Gottlob Honold #electrical engineering #magneto ignition, spark plug
1902 AD Walter Houser Brattain #invention, experimental physics #co-developed the first point-contact transistor
1902 AD Frank Yates #math, statistics #
1902 AD Charles Krum #invention, telegraphy #teleprinter, teletype
1902 AD Ivan Plotnikov #invention #kirza leather
1902 AD Charles Lindbergh #invention #organ perfusion pump
1902 AD Alec Reeves #invention #Pulse-code modulation
1902 AD Karl Popper #science #
1902 AD Fritz Strassmann #physics, chemistry #nuclear fission
1902 AD Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald #paleontology, geology #
1902 AD George Simpson #paleontology #
1902 AD Evgeniy Chertovsky #invention #pressure suit
1902 AD Hermann Emil Fischer #chemistry #sugar and purine syntheses
1901 AD Ferdinand Porsche #automotive engineering #early hybrid drivetrain concepts
1901 AD Ransom E. Olds #mechanical engineering #mass-production methods, curved dash oldsmobile
1901 AD Boris Grabovsky #invention #cathode commutator
1901 AD Enrico Fermi #invention #nuclear reactor
1901 AD Ub Iwerks #invention #Multiplane camera for animation
1901 AD Rudolf Hell #invention #Hellschreiber
1901 AD Frank Zamboni #invention #Ice resurfacer
1901 AD Alexandre Alexeieff, Claire Parker #invention #Pinscreen animation
1901 AD Arthur Samuel #computer_s, machine learning #checkers program
1901 AD Wilhelm Roentgen #physics, mechanical engineering #
1901 AD Robert Jemison Van de Graaff #physics, engineering #
1901 AD Edward Armand Guggenheim #modern chemical thermodynamics #
1901 AD Semyon Aranovich Gershgorin #math #
1901 AD Tullio Campagnolo #invention #Quick release skewer
1901 AD Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff #chemistry #chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions
1901 AD Henry Eyring #chemistry #transition state theory
1900 AD John Mack #vehicle engineering #developed heavy-duty commercial trucks
1900 AD Dennis Gabor #invention #holography
1900 AD Mikhail Tikhonravov #invention #co-developer of Sputnik 1
1900 AD William Edwards Deming #math, statistics #
1900 AD Ivan Fyodorovich, Nazar Fyodorovich (Lisitsyn brothers) #invention #samovar
1900 AD Hub van Doorne #invention #Variomatic
1900 AD Bernard Tellegen #invention #pentode
1900 AD Arnold Beckman #invention #electric pH meter
1900 AD Alexander Smakula #invention #anti-reflective coating
1900 AD Howard Aiken #computer_s #first electro-mechanical computer
1900 AD Haskell Curry #math, combinatory logic #
1900 AD Mary Cartwright #math, chaos theory #
1900 AD Charles Francis Richter #invention, physics, seismology #Richter magnitude scale
1900 AD Hyman George Rickover #invention #Nuclear submarine
1900 AD Alfred Mirsky #biology, molecular biology #
1900 AD Theodosius Dobzhansky #biology, genetics, evolutionary biology, modern synthesis #
1900 AD Charles Sutherland Elton #biology, animal ecology, zoology #
1900 AD Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin #astronomy, astrophysics #
1899 AD Gustav Tauschek #invention, computer_s #Drum memory
1899 AD Stephen Perry #invention #rubber band
1899 AD Richard Drew #invention #Masking tape
1899 AD Gerhard Fischer #invention #hand-held metal detector
1899 AD Charles Best #medicine #
1899 AD Norbert Wiener #logic, math, cybernetics #
1899 AD Percy Lavon Julian #invention #chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants
1899 AD Laszlo Biro #invention #Ballpoint pen
1899 AD Georgii Karpechenko #invention #rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)
1899 AD Thomas Chilton #chemical engineering #
1899 AD George Otto Gey #biology, cell biology #
1898 AD Rachel Fuller Brown #invention #Nystatin
1898 AD Katharine Blodgett #invention #nonreflective glass
1898 AD Hubertus Strughold #space medicine #
1898 AD Baltzar von Platen #invention #gas absorption refrigerator
1898 AD Clive McCay #biochemistry, nutrition, gerontology #
1898 AD Fritz Zwicky #astronomy #
1897 AD Robert Bosch #automotive, electrical_engineering, mechanical_engineering #ignition systems
1897 AD Rudolph Diesel #invention, chemical engineering, engine engineering #diesel engine
1897 AD Edward Richard Henry #forensic science, classification systems #fingerprint classification systems
1897 AD Tadeus Reichstein #invention #Reichstein process (industrial vitamin C synthesis)
1897 AD Kalman Tihanyi #invention #co-inventor of cathode ray tube and iconoscope, night vision electronic camera for anti-aircraft defense
1897 AD Charles Bliss #invention #Blissymbols
1897 AD Jesse Douglas #math #
1897 AD Tang Zhongming #invention #internal combustion engine powered by charcoal
1896 AD Anastase Dragomir #invention #Ejection seat
1896 AD Leonid Andrussov #chemical engineering #
1896 AD Wallace Carothers, Arnold Collins #invention, chemistry, organic chemistry #Nylon and Neoprene
1896 AD Leon Theremin #invention #theremin, interlace, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device)
1896 AD Georgi Nadjakov #invention #photoelectret
1896 AD Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov #invention #Maksutov telescope
1896 AD Andreas Stihl #invention #Electric chain saw
1896 AD Leslie Groves #physics, theoretical physics #
1896 AD Rolf Maximilian Sievert #physics #
1896 AD Marjorie Joyner #invention #Permanent wave machine
1896 AD Assen Jordanoff #invention #airbag
1895 AD Artturi Ilmari Virtanen #invention #AIV fodder
1895 AD Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm #invention #co-developer of tokamak
1895 AD Egon Pearson #math, statistics #
1895 AD Lin Yutang #invention #Chinese language typewriter
1895 AD Juan de la Cierva #invention #the autogyro
1895 AD Buckminster Fuller #invention #geodesic dome
1895 AD Alfred Traeger #invention #Pedal radio
1895 AD Jules Montenier #invention #Anti-perspirant deodorant
1895 AD Andre Michelin #materials and tire engineering, invention #removable pneumatic automobile tire
1895 AD Edouard Michelin #tire technology #pneumatic tire
1894 AD Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa #invention #first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions
1894 AD Jerzy Neyman #math, statistics #
1894 AD Marcel Kiepach #invention #dynamo, maritime compass that indicates north regardless of the presence of iron or magnetic forces
1894 AD Hermann Oberth #spaceflight, rocketry #
1894 AD Satyendra Nath Bose #quantum mechanics #
1894 AD Percy Spencer #invention #microwave oven
1894 AD Konstantin Khrenov #invention #underwater welding
1894 AD Konosuke Matsushita #invention #battery-powered bicycle lighting
1894 AD Anatol Josepho #invention #patented the first coin-operated photo booth called the "Photomaton" in 1925
1894 AD Alfred Kinsey #biology #
1894 AD Georges Lemaitre #astronomy #
1894 AD Heinrich Hildebrand, Alois Wolfmuller #mechanical engineering #created first mass-produced motorcycle
1893 AD Tokushichi Mishima #invention #MKM magnetic steel
1893 AD Pavel Molchanov #invention #Radiosonde
1893 AD Ernst Opik #astronomy, astrophysics #
1893 AD Walter Baade #astronomy #
1893 AD Raymond Dart #anatomy, paleoanthropology #
1892 AD Frank Wilcoxon #math, statistics #
1892 AD Carlo Emilio Bonferroni #math, statistics #
1892 AD Robert Watson-Watt #invention #microwave radar
1892 AD John Burdon Sanderson Haldane #biology, biostatistics #
1892 AD Nikolai Polikarpov #invention #Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik (world's most produced biplane)
1892 AD James Collip #biochemistry #
1891 AD Harold Jeffreys #math, probability, calculus, astronomy #
1891 AD Sam Born #invention #lollipop-making machine
1891 AD Ole Kirk Christiansen #invention #Lego
1891 AD Nicolas Florine #invention #tandem rotor helicopter
1891 AD Sergei Yudin #invention #cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations
1891 AD Corradino D'Ascanio #invention #Vespa scooter
1891 AD Alberto Gianni #invention #Torretta butoscopica
1891 AD Juan Vucetich #forensic science, fingerprint identification #fingerprint classification system
1890 AD Ronald Aylmer Fisher #statistics, genetics #
1890 AD Aurel Persu #invention #first aerodynamic car, aluminum body with wheels included under the body
1890 AD Arthur Holmes #geology #
1889 AD Roger Adams #organic chemistry #
1889 AD Igor Sikorsky #invention #aircraft
1889 AD William Justin Kroll #invention #Kroll process
1889 AD Olivia Poole #invention #Jolly Jumper baby harness
1889 AD Beno Gutenberg #seismology #
1889 AD Edwin Hubble #physical cosmology #
1889 AD William Howard Livens #invention #chemical warfare, Livens Projector
1889 AD Vera Mukhina #invention #welded sculpture
1889 AD Thor Bjorklund #invention #Cheese slicer
1889 AD Thomas Midgley #chemical engineering #
1888 AD Bertha Benz #applied engineering and testing #demonstrated practicality of motor vehicles
1888 AD Frits Zernike #invention, physics #Phase contrast microscope
1888 AD Inge Lehmann #geophysics, seismology #
1888 AD Robert Gilmour LeTourneau #invention #electric wheel drive, mobile drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers
1888 AD John Hays Hammond #invention, mining engineering #radio control
1888 AD Vladimir Zworykin #invention, engineering, television, electron microscope #Iconoscope, kinescope
1888 AD John Logie Baird #invention, engineering #an electromechanical television, electronic colour television
1888 AD Vladimir Baranov-Rossine #invention #Optophonic Piano
1888 AD Nestor Makhno #invention #tachanka
1888 AD Anders Knutsson Angstrom #invention #Pyranometer
1888 AD Victor Goldschmidt #geochemistry #
1888 AD Merle Randall #modern chemical thermodynamics #
1887 AD George Polya #physics, geometry, complex analysis, combinatorics, probability #
1887 AD Eric Tigerstedt #invention #Sound-on-film, triode vacuum tube
1887 AD Henry Moseley #physics #
1887 AD Srinivasa Ramanujan #math #
1887 AD Beulah Louise Henry #invention #bobbin-free sewing machine, vacuum ice cream freezer
1886 AD Wilhelm Maybach #automotive engineering #high-speed internal combustion engines and automobiles
1886 AD Ida Rosenthal #invention #Bra (Maidenform), standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, first seamed uplift bra
1886 AD Adolph Rickenbacker #invention, electrical engineering #Electric guitar
1886 AD Hidetsugu Yagi, Shintaro Uda #invention #Yagi-Uda antenna
1886 AD Henri Marie Coanda #invention #Coanda effect
1886 AD Clarence Birdseye #invention #Flash freezing
1886 AD Karl Benz #mechanical_engineering, invention #the petrol-powered automobile
1885 AD Gottlieb Daimler #mechanical_engineering #internal-combustion engines, modern automobile production
1885 AD George de Hevesy #invention #radioactive tracer
1885 AD Vladimir Yourkevitch #invention #ship hull design
1885 AD Jan Czochralski #invention #Czochralski process (crystal growth)
1885 AD Niels Bohr #physics #
1885 AD Camille Arambourg #paleontology #
1885 AD John Edensor Littlewood #math #
1884 AD Theodor Svedberg #invention #Analytical ultracentrifuge
1884 AD Friedrich Bergius #invention #Bergius process (synthetic fuel from coal)
1884 AD Jean Piccard #invention, chemistry, engineering, aeronautics #
1884 AD Auguste Piccard #invention, physics #Bathyscaphe
1884 AD Robert Feulgen #invention, histology #Feulgen stain
1884 AD John H. Patterson #industrial engineering, business technology #helped commercialise cash registers
1883 AD Alphonse Bertillon #anthropology, forensic science #anthropometry
1883 AD Nathaniel Brackett Wales #invention #
1883 AD Georgios Papanikolaou #invention, cytopathology #Papanicolaou stain, Pap test (Pap smear)
1883 AD John Maynard Keynes #macroeconomics #
1883 AD Julius Fromm #invention #first seamless Condom
1882 AD Max Born #math, statistics, theoretical physics, quantum mechanics #
1882 AD Hans Geiger #invention, math, physics #Geiger counter
1882 AD Ladislas Starevich #invention #puppet animation, live-action/animated film
1882 AD Archibald Low #invention #Pioneer of radio guidance systems
1882 AD Harold Gillies #otorhinolaryngology #
1882 AD Arthur Eddington #math, physics, astronomy, astrophysics #
1882 AD Amalie Emmy Noether #math, modern algebra #groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics, Noether's Theorem
1882 AD Robert Hutchings Goddard #invention, physics, engineering, spaceflight #liquid fuel rocket
1882 AD Kyota Sugimoto #invention #Japanese language typewriter
1881 AD Alexander Fleming #invention #Penicillin
1881 AD Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer #math, modern topology #
1881 AD George Constantinescu #invention, engineering, continuum mechanics #theory of sonics
1881 AD Arturo Caprotti #invention, engineering #Caprotti valve gear
1881 AD Fritz Pfleumer #invention #magnetic tape
1881 AD Theodore von Karman #math, physics, aeronautics, astronautics #
1880 AD Henry Faulds #medicine, forensic science #proposed fingerprinting at crime scene
1880 AD Fritz Klatte #invention #vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride
1880 AD Alfred Wegener #geophysics, meteorolgy, plate tectonics #
1879 AD Milutin Milankovic #math, astronomy, geophysics #
1879 AD Wilhelm Schlenk #invention, chemistry #Schlenk flask
1879 AD Hovannes Adamian #invention #tricolor principle of the color television
1879 AD Bernhard Schmidt #invention #Schmidt camera
1879 AD Adolphe Kegresse #invention #Kegresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual clutch transmission
1879 AD Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted #physical chemistry #
1879 AD Alfred Bertheim #chemistry #
1879 AD James Ritty, John Ritty #mechanical engineering #early cash register
1878 AD Lise Meitner #physics, radioactivity #
1878 AD Ryoichi Yazu #invention #Yazu Arithmometer
1878 AD Myra Juliet Farrell #invention #stitchless button, Press stud
1878 AD Iwan Serrurier #invention #Moviola for film editing
1878 AD Norman Wilkinson #invention #Dazzle camouflage
1878 AD Christian Schnabel #invention #simplistic food cutleries
1877 AD Garrett Morgan #invention #smoke hood
1877 AD William Beebe #natural history #
1877 AD Oswald Avery #molecular biology #
1877 AD Godfrey Harold Hardy #math #
1877 AD Ole Evinrude #invention #outboard motor
1877 AD Franz Joseph Emil Fischer #invention #Fischer-Tropsch process (refinery process), Fischer assay (oil yield test)
1877 AD Charles Mantoux #invention #Mantoux test (tuberculosis)
1877 AD Bela Schick #invention #diphtheria test
1876 AD Nicolaus Otto #mechanical engineering #four-stroke internal combustion engine
1876 AD William Sealy Gosset #math, statistics #
1876 AD Yury Lomonosov #invention #first successful mainline diesel locomotive
1876 AD Miller Reese Hutchison #invention #klaxon, electric hearing aid
1875 AD James Stuart Blackton #invention #Stop-motion film
1875 AD Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov #invention #feathering spectrograph
1875 AD The General Conference on Weights and Measures* #standards #The International System of Units
1875 AD Gilbert Lewis #physical chemistry, modern chemical thermodynamics #
1875 AD Henri-Leon Lebesgue #math, integration #
1875 AD Ludwig Prandtl #math, engineering, aerodynamics #
1875 AD Leonid Gobyato #invention #man-portable mortar
1875 AD Henry Crampton #evolutionary biology, zoology, genetics #
1875 AD Vesto Slipher #astronomy #
1874 AD Guglielmo Marconi #invention #radio telegraphy
1874 AD Nikolai Korotkov #invention #auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement
1874 AD Harry Houdini #invention #Flight Time Illusion
1874 AD Sergei Lebedev #invention #commercially viable synthetic rubber
1874 AD Henry Shoemaker Conard #botany, bryology #
1873 AD Felix d'Herelle, Giorgi Eliava #invention, microbiology #Phage therapy
1873 AD Lee DeForest #invention, electronic engineering #Phonofilm, triode
1873 AD Hans Berger #invention #first human EEG and its development
1873 AD Karl Schwarzschild #physics, astronomy #
1873 AD Melitta Bentz #invention #paper Coffee filter
1873 AD Karl Jatho #invention #aeroplane
1873 AD John Thompson Dorrance #invention #Condensed soup
1873 AD Alberto Santos-Dumont #invention #non-rigid airship and airplane
1873 AD World Meteorological Organization #geostationary satellite #
1873 AD Barnum Brown #biology, paleontology #
1872 AD Mikhail Tsvet #invention #adsorption chromatography
1872 AD Solomon Carter Fuller #invention, neuropathology, microscopy #photomicrograph
1872 AD Karl Nessler #invention #permanent wave machine, artificial eyebrows
1872 AD Jacques Brandenberger #invention #Cellophane
1872 AD Hermann Anschutz-Kaempfe #invention #Gyrocompass
1872 AD Gleb Kotelnikov #invention #knapsack parachute, drogue parachute
1871 AD Emile Borel #math, measure theory, probability #
1871 AD Slavoljub Eduard Penkala #invention #mechanical pencil
1871 AD Pyotr Shilovsky #invention #gyrocar
1871 AD Arthur Pitney #invention #postage meter
1871 AD Ernst Zermelo #logic, math #
1871 AD Reginald Aldworth Daly #geology #
1870 AD Kotaro Honda #invention, physics #KS steel, NKS steel
1870 AD Anthony Michell #invention, mechanical engineering #tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine
1870 AD Ross Granville Harrison #invention, biology, anatomy #first successful animal Tissue culture, Cell culture
1870 AD Wilhelm Normann #invention #Hydrogenation of fats
1870 AD Helge von Koch #math, fractals #
1870 AD Georges Claude #chemistry #neon lamp
1869 AD Nils Gustaf Dalen #invention #AGA cooker, Dalen light, Agamassan, Sun valve for lighthouses and buoys
1869 AD Charles Thomson Rees Wilson #invention #Cloud chamber
1869 AD Valdemar Poulsen #invention #magnetic wire recorder, arc converter
1869 AD Georges Lakhovsky #invention #Multiple Wave Oscillator
1869 AD Boris Rosing #invention #CRT television (first television system using CRT on the receiving side)
1869 AD Harvey Cushing #neurosurgery #
1869 AD Max Bielschowsky #invention, histology #Bielschowsky stain
1869 AD James Homer Wright #invention, histology #Wright's stain
1869 AD Annie Malone #invention #Cosmetics for African American women
1868 AD Fritz Haber #invention, ammonia synthesis #Haber process
1868 AD Soren Sorensen #chemistry #pH
1868 AD Walter Rothschild #zoology #
1868 AD Bernarr Macfadden #physical culture #
1868 AD Henrietta Swan Leavitt #physical cosmology #
1868 AD Felix Hausdorff #math, topology, metric spaces #
1868 AD Jacob Davis #invention #Riveted jeans
1868 AD Felix Hoffmann #invention #Aspirin
1868 AD Charles Leiper Grigg #invention #7 Up
1868 AD Paul Otlet #bibliometrics #
1867 AD Charles Francis Jenkins #invention #television and movie projector, Phantoscope
1867 AD Charles Fabry, Alfred Perot #invention #interferometer
1867 AD Bernard Brunhes #physics, geophysics, paleomagnetism #
1867 AD Irving Fisher #monetary economics #
1867 AD Gustav Giemsa #invention, histology #Giemsa stain
1867 AD Madam Walker #invention #beauty and hair products for African American women
1866 AD Aldred Scott Warthin #invention, histology #with Allen Chronister Starry (1890-1973) Warthin-Starry stain
1866 AD Herbert Henry Dow #invention, chemical engineering #
1866 AD Reginald Fessenden #invention #two-way radio
1866 AD Mary Anderson #invention #windshield wiper blade
1866 AD Charles-Jean De La Vallee-Poussin #math #
1866 AD Ira Van Gieson #invention, histology #Van Gieson's stain
1865 AD Fredrik Idestam #industrial engineering #founded the business that became Nokia
1865 AD International Telecommunication Union* #standards #radio-frequency spectrum, geostationary satellite orbits, global telecommunications
1865 AD Hantaro Nagaoka #physics #
1865 AD Jacques Hadamard #math #
1865 AD Lloyd Groff Copeman #invention #Electric stove
1864 AD Jozef Murgas #invention #wireless telegraph (forerunner of the radio)
1864 AD Hermann Minkowski #math #
1864 AD Ransom Eli Olds #invention #Assembly line
1864 AD Carl Edvard Johansson #invention #Gauge blocks
1864 AD Dmitri Ivanovsky #botany, virology #
1864 AD Alois Alzheimer #biology, psychiatry, neuropathology #
1863 AD Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky #invention #early colour photography, colour film slides, colour motion pictures
1863 AD Charles Spearman #math, statistics #
1863 AD Alfred Perot, Charles Fabry #invention, physics #interferometer
1863 AD Gheorghe Marinescu #invention, neurology #first science films in the world
1863 AD Alexei Krylov #invention, naval engineering #gyroscopic damping of ships
1863 AD Paul Walden #invention #Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid)
1863 AD Leo Baekeland #invention #Velox photographic paper, Bakelite
1863 AD Frank Hornby #invention #Meccano
1863 AD Corrado Segre #math, algebraic geometry #
1863 AD Charles Hall #invention #aluminum production
1863 AD Friedrich Raschig #chemical engineering #
1863 AD Arthur Dehon Little #chemical engineering #
1863 AD Annie Jump Cannon #astronomy #
1862 AD Boris Borisovich Galitzine #invention, seismology #electromagnetic seismograph
1862 AD Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky #invention #three-phase electric power
1862 AD Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist #invention #Kerosene stove operated by compressed air
1862 AD Auguste Lumiere, Louis Lumiere #invention #Cinematographe
1862 AD David Hilbert #math, geometry, quantum theory #
1862 AD Arthur Wynne #invention #creator of crossword puzzle
1861 AD Joseph John O'Connell #invention, electrical engineering #circuit breaker, coin return, invisible wire phone, electric lamp, signal burglar-alarm
1861 AD Nikolay Zelinsky #invention #the first effective filtering coal gas mask in the world
1861 AD Miriam Benjamin #invention #Gong and signal chair (adopted by House of Representatives and precursor to flight attendant signal system)
1861 AD James Naismith #invention #invented basketball and American football helmet
1861 AD William Bateson #biology, genetics #
1860 AD William Morrison #invention #cotton candy machine
1860 AD Elmer Ambrose Sperry #invention #gyroscope-guided automatic pilot
1860 AD Frank Bursley Taylor #geology #
1860 AD Daniel Barringer #geology #
1860 AD John Scott Haldane #biology, population genetics, modern synthesis #
1860 AD Linus Yale Junior #lock design, mechanical engineering #cylinder lock, pin tumbler lock
1860 AD Willem Einthoven #invention #electrocardiogram
1860 AD Paul Gottlieb Nipkow #invention #Nipkow disk
1860 AD Herman Hollerith #invention #recording data on a machine readable medium tabulator, punched cards
1860 AD William Kennedy Laurie Dickson #invention #motion picture camera
1860 AD Waldemar Haffkine #invention #first anti-cholera and anti-plague vaccines
1860 AD Frank Morley #math #
1860 AD Otto Blathy #invention, electrical engineering #co-inventor of the transformer
1859 AD Ludwik Lazarz Zamenhof #invention #Esperanto
1859 AD Elmer Gates #invention #foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators
1859 AD Aurel Stodola #invention #gas turbines
1859 AD Alexander Popov #invention #radio pioneer, created a radio receiver that worked as a lightning detector
1859 AD Edouard-Alfred Martel #speleology #
1859 AD Pierre Curie #physics #
1858 AD William Stanley #invention #carbon for incandescent lamps, induction coil, incandescent electric lamp, all-steel vacuum bottle
1858 AD Carl Auer von Welsbach #invention #Gas mantle, ferrocerium
1858 AD Michael Pupin #invention #pupinization (loading coils), tunable oscillator
1858 AD Leon Serpollet #invention #Flash boiler, Gardner-Serpollet steam car
1858 AD John Montgomery #invention #heavier-than-air gliders
1858 AD Jagdish Chandra Bose #invention #Crescograph
1858 AD Ivan Vucetic #invention #Method of fingerprint classification
1858 AD Eugene Dubois #paleoanthropology, geology #
1858 AD Giuseppe Peano #logic, math #
1858 AD Emil Strub #invention #Strub rack railway system
1858 AD Chester Greenwood #invention #thermal earmuffs
1858 AD Carl Richard Nyberg #invention #the blowtorch
1858 AD Richard Dixon Oldham #geology #
1857 AD Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon #invention #Intelligence test
1857 AD Karl Pearson #math, statistics #
1857 AD Heinrich Rudolf Hertz #invention, physics #radio telegraphy, electromagnetic radiation
1857 AD Franz Ziehl, Friedrich Neelsen #invention, histology #Ziehl-Neelsen stain
1857 AD John Joly #physics, geology #
1857 AD Andrija Mohorovicic #meteorology, seismology #
1857 AD Aleksandr Lyapunov #math, stability theory #
1857 AD Konstantin Tsiolkovsky #invention, spaceflight, rocketry #spaceflight
1857 AD Vladimir Bekhterev #invention #Bekhterev's Mixture
1857 AD Friedrich Reinitzer #chemistry, botany #
1857 AD Williamina Fleming #astronomy #
1856 AD Nikola Tesla #invention, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, physics #induction motor, the transmission of electrical power
1856 AD Andrei Andreevich Markov #math, probability #
1856 AD Sergei Winogradsky #invention #Winogradsky column for culturing microorganisms
1856 AD Granville Woods #invention #Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph
1856 AD Auguste Victor Louis Verneuil #invention #Verneuil process (crystal growth)
1856 AD Emil Kraepelin #biology, psychiatry, psychopharmacology, psychiatric genetics #
1856 AD Sigmund Freud #biology, neurologist, psychoanalysis #
1855 AD William Friese-Greene #invention #cinematography
1855 AD Percival Lowell #planetary science #
1855 AD Jacques Curie #physics #
1855 AD Leon Philippe Teisserenc de Bort #meteorology, atmospheric science #
1855 AD Joseph Day #invention #the crankcase-compression two-stroke engine
1855 AD Jonas Wenstrom #invention #three-phase electrical power
1854 AD Victor Babes #invention, bacteriology #Babesia, serum therapy
1854 AD George Eastman #invention, photography #roll film
1854 AD Miksa Deri #invention #co-inventor of an improved closed-core transformer
1854 AD David Gestetner #invention #Gestetner copier
1854 AD Johannes Robert Rydberg #physics #
1854 AD Charles Algernon Parsons #invention, engineering #steam turbine
1854 AD Henry John Horstman Fenton #invention, chemistry #Fenton's reagent
1854 AD Nikolay Slavyanov #invention #shielded metal arc welding
1854 AD Henri Poincare #algebraic topology, physics, chaos theory #
1853 AD Heike Kamerlingh Onnes #invention #liquid helium
1853 AD Vladimir Shukhov #invention, structural engineering, engineering design #thermal cracking
1853 AD Elihu Thomson #invention #Arc lamp
1853 AD Hans Christian Gram #invention, bacteriology, histology #Gram staining
1853 AD Johan Petter Johansson #invention #Pipe wrench, adjustable spanner
1853 AD Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro #math, tensor calculus #
1853 AD Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn #invention #Taximeter
1852 AD Antoine Henri Becquerel #physics #
1852 AD Julius Richard Petri #invention #Petri dish
1852 AD William Stewart Halsted #surgery #
1852 AD Ferdinand Lindemann #math #
1852 AD John Harvey Kellogg #invention #cornflake breakfasts
1852 AD David Schwarz #invention #rigid ship later called Zeppelin
1851 AD Irving Langmuir #invention #gas filled incandescent light bulb, hydrogen welding
1851 AD Oliver Joseph Lodge #invention, physics #coherer
1851 AD Ognjeslav Kostovic #invention #arborite (high-strength plywood, an early plastic)
1851 AD Mikhail Pomortsev #invention #nephoscope
1851 AD Herman Frasch #invention #Frasch process (petrochemistry), Paraffin wax purification
1851 AD Emile Berliner #invention #the disc record gramophone
1851 AD Charles Chamberland #invention #Chamberland filter
1851 AD George Francis FitzGerald #physics #
1851 AD Martinus Willem Beijerinck #microbiology, virology #
1851 AD Charles Dow #invention #Dow Jones Industrial Average
1851 AD Aleksandr Dianin #invention #Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound
1850 AD Karl Ferdinand Braun #invention #cathode-ray tube oscilloscope
1850 AD Oliver Heaviside #vector algebra, vector calculus, physics, engineering #
1850 AD Charles Doolittle Walcott #geology, paleontology #
1850 AD Henry Louis Le Chatelier #chemistry #
1850 AD George Edward Davis #chemical engineering #
1849 AD Stepan Makarov #invention #Icebreaker Yermak
1849 AD Ivan Pavlov #invention #classical conditioning
1849 AD William Osler #medicine #
1849 AD Felix Klein #math #
1849 AD Ellen Eglin #invention #Clothes wringer
1849 AD Aleksandr Loran #invention #fire fighting foam, foam extinguisher
1849 AD William Johnson Sollas #geology #
1848 AD Lewis Latimer #invention #improved carbon-filament light bulb
1848 AD John Ambrose Fleming #invention #Vacuum diode
1848 AD Friedrich Soennecken #invention #Ring binder, Hole punch
1848 AD Enrico Forlanini #invention #Steam helicopter, hydrofoil, Forlanini airships
1848 AD Gottlob Frege #logic, math #
1848 AD Otto Lilienthal #invention #hang glider
1848 AD Viktor Meyer #chemistry #
1848 AD Hugo de Vries #biology, botany, genetics #
1847 AD Galileo Ferraris #invention, physics, electrical engineering #
1847 AD Thomas Edison #electronic engineering, conductive materials #conductive experiments, phonograph, light bulb, stock ticker, ticker-tape machine, fluoroscope
1847 AD Pavel Yablochkov #invention #Yablochkov candle
1847 AD Josip Belusic #invention #electric speedometer
1847 AD Alexander Lodygin #invention #electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament
1847 AD Alexander Graham Bell #invention, engineering #telephone
1847 AD Philip Diehl #invention #Ceiling fan
1847 AD Maria Beasley #invention #barrel-hooping machine, improved life raft
1847 AD George Ferdinand Becker #geology #
1846 AD Ira Remsen #invention #saccharin
1846 AD Ottomar Anschitz #invention #single-curtain focal-plane shutter, electrotachyscope
1846 AD Lars Magnus Ericsson #invention #handheld micro telephone
1846 AD Eugen Baumann #invention #PVC
1846 AD George Westinghouse #invention, engineering #Air brake (rail)
1846 AD Wladimir Koppen #geography, meteorology, climatology, botany #
1845 AD Wilhelm Roentgen #invention #the X-ray machine
1845 AD Georg Cantor #math #
1845 AD Francis Ysidro Edgeworth #math, statistics #
1845 AD Theophil Wilgodt Odhner #invention, engineering #mechanical calculator, instrument
1845 AD William Saville-Kent #invention #Pearl culture
1845 AD Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann #invention #Lippmann plate, Integral imaging, Lippmann electrometer
1845 AD Emile Baudot #invention #Baudot code
1845 AD Carl Gustaf Patrik De Laval #chemical engineering #milk separator, the milking machine
1845 AD Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov #invention #probiotics
1845 AD Fyodor Pirotsky #invention #electric tram
1845 AD Daniel David Palmer #invention #chiropractic
1844 AD Edouard Branly #invention #Branly coherer
1844 AD Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann #physics, statistical mechanics #
1844 AD Pelham Aldrich #oceanography #
1844 AD Tivadar Puskas #invention #telephone exchange
1844 AD Nagai Nagayoshi #invention #Methamphetamine
1844 AD James Henry Greathead #invention #tunnel boring machine, tunnelling shield technique
1844 AD Friedrich Miescher #biology #
1844 AD Gustav Schwalbe #anthropology #
1843 AD Robert Koch #invention #method for culturing bacteria on solid media
1843 AD Elijah McCoy #invention #Displacement lubricator
1843 AD Camillo Golgi #invention, biology, histology #black reaction
1843 AD Henry Perky #invention #shredded wheat
1843 AD Grove Karl Gilbert #geology #
1842 AD Dmitry Lachinov #invention #mercury pump, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, electrolyser
1842 AD Nikolay Benardos #invention #carbon arc welding
1842 AD Sophus Lie #math #
1842 AD Edouard Lucas #math #
1842 AD James Dewar #invention, physics, chemistry #Thermos flask
1842 AD Osborne Reynolds #fluid dynamics #
1841 AD Jules Louis Gabriel Violle #invention, physics #solar constant, luminous intensity
1841 AD Theophilus Van Kannel #invention #revolving door
1841 AD Cyril Duquet #invention #Telephone handset
1841 AD Antonio Pacinotti #invention #Pacinotti dynamo
1841 AD Eugenius Warming #ecology, botany #
1840 AD Ernst Karl Abbe #invention #Condenser (microscope), apochromatic lens, refractometer
1840 AD Edward Drinker Cope #palaeontology, comparative anatomy, herpetology, ichthyology #
1840 AD John Boyd Dunlop #invention #first practical pneumatic tyre
1840 AD Eduard Locher #invention #Locher rack railway system
1839 AD Aleksandr Stoletov #invention, physics, electrical engineering #solar cell
1839 AD Charles Sanders Peirce #math, statistics #
1839 AD Nestor Genko #invention #the first large-scale windbreak system
1839 AD Willard Gibbs #vector algebra, vector calculus, modern chemical thermodynamics, energetics #
1839 AD Josephine Cochrane #invention #dishwasher
1839 AD Almon Strowger #invention #automatic telephone exchange
1839 AD Ludwig Mond #chemistry #
1838 AD Josef Popper-Lynkeus #invention, physics, engineering #conversion of mechanical energy of waterfalls and rising tides into electrical power
1838 AD William Henry Perkin #invention, chemistry #Mauveine
1838 AD Thorvald Nicolai Thiele #math, statistics #
1838 AD William Painter #invention #crown cork, bottle opener
1838 AD Lucien Olivier #invention #Russian salad (Olivier salad)
1838 AD Edward Williams Morley #physics, chemistry, astronomy, optics #
1838 AD Ernst Mach #physics #
1838 AD Camille Jordan #math #
1838 AD Ferdinand von Zeppelin #invention, aircraft manufacturing #Zeppelin
1838 AD Margaret Knight #invention #machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags
1838 AD Ernest Solvay #chemistry #
1837 AD John Wesley Hyatt #invention #celluloid manufacturing
1837 AD John Newlands #chemistry #
1837 AD Henry Draper #astronomy #
1836 AD Whitcomb Judson #invention #zipper
1835 AD Adolf von Baeyer #invention #Fluorescein, synthetic Indigo dye, Phenolphthalein
1835 AD Josef Stefan #math, physics #
1835 AD Emile Leonard Mathieu #math, physics #
1834 AD John Venn #invention, logic #
1834 AD Hugo Schiff #invention, histology #
1834 AD Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev #invention, chemistry #Periodic table, pycnometer, pyrocollodion
1834 AD Samuel Pierpont Langley #invention, astronomy #bolometer
1834 AD Hugh Owen Thomas #orthopedic surgery #
1834 AD Frederick Walton #invention #Linoleum
1834 AD Wilhelm Olbers Focke #botany #
1834 AD Ernst Haeckel #biology, ecology #
1833 AD Alfred Nobel #invention, chemistry #dynamite, blasting gelatin
1833 AD Frederick Guthrie #physics, chemistry #
1833 AD Fleeming Jenkin #engineering #
1832 AD William Crookes #invention, physical chemistry #Crookes radiometer, Crookes tube
1832 AD Wilhelm Wundt #psychology #
1832 AD Rudolf Lipschitz #math #
1832 AD Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) #logic, math #
1832 AD Nikolaus Otto #engineering #
1832 AD Gustave Eiffel #civil engineering, architecture, meteorology, aerodynamics #
1831 AD Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind #math #
1831 AD James Clerk Maxwell #invention, math, physics #colour photography (and Thomas Sutton)
1831 AD Ludvig Nobel #invention #first successful oil tanker
1831 AD David Edward Hughes #invention #printing telegraph, microphone
1831 AD Amanda Minnie Douglas #invention #portable folding mosquito net frame
1831 AD Alexander Parkes #invention #celluloid
1831 AD Joseph David Everett #physics #
1831 AD Othniel Charles Marsh #palaeontology #
1831 AD John Pemberton #invention #Coca-Cola
1831 AD George Pullman #invention #Pullman sleep wagon
1831 AD Eduard Suess #geology #
1831 AD Christian Wilhelm Braune #biomechanics #
1830 AD Eadweard Muybridge #invention #motion picture
1830 AD Charles Wyville Thomson #zoology, oceanography #
1830 AD Francois-Marie Raoult #chemistry #
1829 AD Adolf Eugen Fick #invention, math, physics, physiology #contact lens
1829 AD E. K. Gauzen #invention #diving machine (three bolt equipment)
1829 AD Levi Strauss #invention #blue jeans
1829 AD Friedrich August Kekule #chemistry #
1828 AD Willoughby Smith #invention, engineering #
1828 AD Joseph Swan #invention #Incandescent light bulb
1828 AD James Leonard Plimpton #invention #roller skates
1828 AD Ferdinand Cohn #biology, bacteriology, microbiology #
1827 AD Frederick Augustus Abel #invention, chemical engineering #cordite, determining the flash point of petroleum
1827 AD Joseph Lister #medicine #
1827 AD Marcellin Berthelot #invention, chemistry, thermochemistry #Berthelot's reagent chemistry
1827 AD Sandford Fleming #invention #Universal Standard Time
1826 AD George Johnstone Stoney #physics #
1826 AD Zenobe Gramme #invention #Gramme dynamo
1826 AD John Landis Mason #invention #Mason jars
1826 AD Bernhard Riemann #math, geometry, manifolds #
1826 AD John Fowler #invention #steam-driven ploughing engine
1826 AD Alfred Southwick #invention #Electric chair
1826 AD Stanislao Cannizzaro #chemistry #
1825 AD Emil Erlenmeyer #invention #Erlenmeyer flask
1825 AD Henry Walter Bates #natural history #
1825 AD Johann Jakob Balmer #math, chemistry #
1825 AD Henri Giffard #invention #powered airship, injector
1825 AD Edward Frankland #chemistry, organometallic chemistry #
1825 AD Thomas Henry Huxley #biology #
1824 AD William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) #invention, math, physics, engineering #current balance, signalling on long submarine cables
1824 AD Franz San Galli #invention #radiator central heating
1824 AD Gustav Kirchhoff #physics, chemistry #
1823 AD Leopold Kronecker #math #
1823 AD Sir William Siemens #invention #regenerative furnace
1823 AD Alfred Russel Wallace #biology, biogeography, natural history, evolution #
1822 AD James Thomson #engineering #
1822 AD Louis Pasteur #biology, chemistry, microbiology #
1822 AD Heinrich Louis d'Arrest #astronomy #
1822 AD Francis Galton #math, statistics, biological anthropology #fingerprint identification
1822 AD Rudolph Clausius #math, physics, chemistry #
1822 AD Charles Hermite #math #
1822 AD Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir #invention #internal combustion engine, motorboat
1822 AD Ignacy Lukasiewicz #invention #Kerosene lamp
1822 AD Gregor Mendel #genetics #
1821 AD Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev #math, statistics, probability #
1821 AD Hermann von Helmholtz #invention, physics, physiology, psychology #Helmholtz pitch notation, Helmholtz resonator, ophthalmoscope
1821 AD Johann Josef Loschmidt #physics, chemistry #
1821 AD Fritz Muller #natural history #
1821 AD Rudolf Virchow #medicine, anthropology #
1821 AD Arthur Cayley #math #
1821 AD Benjamin Chew Tilghman #invention #sandblasting
1821 AD James Croll #climatology #
1820 AD John Tyndall #physics #
1820 AD Florence Nightingale #nursing #
1820 AD Matthew Piers Watt Boulton #invention #aileron
1820 AD Ivan Elmanov #invention #first monorail horse-drawn
1820 AD Herbert Spencer #biology #
1819 AD John Couch Adams #math, astronomy #
1819 AD Leon Foucault #invention, physics #Foucault pendulum, gyroscope, eddy current
1819 AD Hippolyte Fizeau #physics #
1819 AD George Gabriel Stokes #physics #
1819 AD Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol #invention #steam powered submarine
1819 AD Elias Howe #invention #sewing machine
1818 AD James Prescott Joule #math, physics #
1818 AD Richard Gatling #invention #wheat drill
1818 AD Heinrich Gobel #invention #incandescent lamp
1818 AD Emil du Bois-Reymond #electrophysiology #
1817 AD Konstantin Konstantinov #invention #device for measuring flight speed of projectiles
1817 AD Osmond Fisher #physics, geophysics #
1817 AD Niklaus Riggenbach #invention #Riggenbach rack railway system, Counter-pressure brake
1817 AD Janos Irinyi #invention #noiseless match
1817 AD Hippolyte Mege-Mouries #invention #margarine
1817 AD Joseph Dalton Hooker #botany #
1817 AD Carl Wilhelm von Nageli #botany #
1816 AD Ernst Werner Siemens #invention, industry #electric elevator, Electromote (first trolleybus), an early Dynamo
1815 AD Ada Lovelace #math, computer_s #
1815 AD George Boole #math, computer_s #
1815 AD Karl Weierstrass #math, mathematical analysis #
1815 AD Giovanni Caselli #invention #Pantelegraph
1815 AD Edward Forbes #natural history #
1814 AD Anders Jonas Angstrom #physics, spectroscopy #
1814 AD Samuel Colt #invention #Revolver development
1814 AD Royal Earl House #invention #first Printing telegraph
1814 AD John Bennet Lawes #invention #superphosphate or chemical fertilizer
1814 AD Adolphe Sax #invention #saxophone
1813 AD Henry Bessemer #invention, chemistry #
1813 AD Claude Bernard #physiology #
1813 AD Pierre Alphonse Laurent #math #
1813 AD James Marion Sims #gynaecology #
1813 AD John Snow #epidemiology #
1813 AD Thomas Andrews #chemistry #
1812 AD Johann Gottfried Galle #astronomy #
1811 AD Robert Bunsen #invention, chemistry, photochemistry, organoarsenic chemistry #Bunsen burner
1811 AD William Robert Grove #invention #fuel cell
1811 AD Urbain Le Verrier #math, astronomy #
1811 AD Evariste Galois #math #
1811 AD Isaac Singer #invention #sewing machine
1811 AD Elisha Otis #invention #safety system for elevators
1811 AD Hugh Edwin Strickland #geology, ornithology, natural history, systematist #
1811 AD John William Draper #chemistry, photochemistry #
1811 AD James Young #chemistry #
1810 AD Robert Mallet #invention, geophysics, seismology #coined the isoseismal map and epicentre
1810 AD Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov #invention #first anesthesia in a field operation
1810 AD Henri Victor Regnault #physics, chemistry #
1810 AD William George Armstrong #invention #hydraulic accumulator
1810 AD Theodor Schwann #biology, physiology #
1809 AD Philipp von Jolly #invention #Jolly balance
1809 AD Charles Darwin #natural history, biology, geology, evolution #
1809 AD Joseph Liouville #math #
1809 AD Louis Braille #invention #Braille writing system, Braille musical notation
1808 AD Petrus Jacobus Kipp #invention, chemistry #Kipp's apparatus
1808 AD Antonio Meucci #invention #early telephones, a hygrometer, a milk test
1808 AD James Nasmyth #invention #steam hammer
1808 AD Hippolyte Pixii #invention #Pixii dynamo
1808 AD Henry Cole #invention #Christmas card
1808 AD Hugh Falconer #geology, botany, palaeontology, paleoanthropology #
1807 AD Luigi Palmieri #invention #seismometer
1807 AD August Schrader #invention #Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire
1807 AD Louis Agassiz #glaciology #
1806 AD Augustus De Morgan #math #
1806 AD Matthew Fontaine Maury #meteorology, modern naval oceanography #
1805 AD Lucien Vidi #invention #Barograph
1805 AD Robert FitzRoy #meteorology #
1805 AD William Rowan Hamilton #math, physics, astronomy #
1805 AD Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet #math, physics #
1805 AD Thomas Graham #chemistry #
1804 AD Wilhelm Eduard Weber #physics #
1804 AD Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi #math #
1804 AD Richard Owen #biology, palaeontology #
1804 AD Matthias Jakob Schleiden #biology, botany, cell theory #
1803 AD Vassili Samarsky-Bykhovets #chemistry, mining engineering #samarium
1803 AD John Ericsson #invention #the two screw-propeller
1803 AD Johann Carl Fuhlrott #paleoanthropology #
1803 AD Christian Doppler #math, physics #
1803 AD Justus von Liebig #invention, chemistry, organic chemistry, nutrition #nitrogen-based fertilizer
1803 AD Sylvester Marsh #invention #Marsh rack railway system
1803 AD Henry Darcy #chemical engineering, hydraulics #
1803 AD Karl Friedrich Schimper #botany, natural history #
1802 AD Niels Henrik Abel #math #
1802 AD Janos Bolyai #math, non-euclidean geometry #
1802 AD Charles Wheatstone #invention, physics #concertina, stereoscope, microphone, Playfair cipher, pseudoscope, dynamo
1802 AD Benoit Fourneyron #invention #water turbine
1801 AD George Airy #math, astronomy #
1801 AD Moritz von Jacobi #invention #electrotyping, electric boat
1801 AD Joseph Plateau #invention #phenakistiscope (stroboscope)
1801 AD Ignazio Porro #invention #Porro prism, strip camera
1801 AD Gustav Fechner #psychophysics #
1801 AD John Goffe Rand #invention #Tube (container)
1801 AD Friedrich Clemens Gerke #invention #current international Morse code
1801 AD Coenraad Johannes van Houten #invention #cocoa powder, cacao butter, chocolate milk
1800 AD Humphrey Lloyd #physics #
1800 AD Anyos Istvan Jedlik #invention, physics, engineering #Jedlik dynamo
1800 AD Charles Goodyear #invention #vulcanization of rubber
1800 AD Friedrich Wohler #chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry #
1800 AD William Nicholson, Anthony Carlisle #chemistry #
1800 AD Jean-Baptiste Dumas #chemistry #
1800 AD Jean Louis Lassaigne #chemistry #
1800 AD John Hogg #biology #
1800 AD William Parsons #astronomy #
1799 AD Nicholas Callan #invention, physics #induction coil
1799 AD The Metric System #standards #
1799 AD Mary Anning #palaeontology #
1799 AD Tanaka Hisashige #invention #Myriad year clock
1799 AD Petrache Poenaru #invention #fountain pen
1799 AD John Stringfellow #invention #aerial steam carriage
1797 AD Joseph Henry #invention, science #electromagnetic relay
1797 AD Jean Leonard Marie Poiseuille #physics, chemistry #
1797 AD Charles Lyell #geology #
1797 AD Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen #chemical engineering, hydraulics #
1796 AD Adolphe Quetelet #invention, math, astronomy, statistics #Body mass index
1796 AD Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot #physics, engineering, thermodynamics #
1796 AD Henry De la Beche #geology, palaeontology #
1795 AD Ernst Heinrich Weber #psychophysics #
1795 AD Mary Ann Mantell #palaeontology #
1795 AD Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg #microscopy #
1795 AD Rowland Hill #invention #postage stamp
1795 AD Edwin Beard Budding #invention #lawnmower
1794 AD William Whewell #math, physics #
1793 AD Thomas Addison #medicine #
1793 AD George Green #math, electricity, magnetism #
1793 AD Josef Ressel #invention #ship propeller
1793 AD Goldsworthy Gurney #invention #Gurney Stove
1793 AD William Hopkins #geology #
1792 AD Dominique-Jean Larrey #surgery, military medicine #horse-drawn ambulances
1792 AD Stefan Banach #math #
1792 AD John Herschel #invention #photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer
1792 AD Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky #math, non-euclidean geometry #
1792 AD Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis #math, mechanical engineering #
1792 AD Roderick Murchison #geology #
1792 AD Karl Ernst von Baer #biology, embryology #
1791 AD Samuel Morse #invention, telegraphy #Morse code
1791 AD Michael Faraday #invention, electrical engineering #electric transformer, electric motor
1791 AD William Snow Harris #invention #naval lightning rods
1791 AD Henry Burden #invention #Horseshoe machine, first usable iron railroad spike
1791 AD Hugh Cuming #botany #
1790 AD John Frederic Daniell #invention #Daniel cell
1790 AD August Ferdinand Mobius #math, astronomy #
1790 AD Robert Stirling #invention #Stirling engine
1790 AD Gideon Mantell #geology, palaeontology #
1790 AD Patrick Matthew #genetics #
1789 AD Augustin-Louis Cauchy #math, mathematical analysis #
1789 AD Georg Simon Ohm #math, physics #
1788 AD Augustus Siebe #invention #standard diving dress
1788 AD Augustin-Jean Fresnel #invention #Fresnel lens
1788 AD Jean-Victor Poncelet #math, engineering, projective geometry #
1788 AD Seth Boyden #invention #nail-making machine
1788 AD Neil Arnott #invention #waterbed
1788 AD Karl von Reichenbach #invention #paraffin, creosote oil, phenol
1788 AD Joseph Aspdin #invention #Portland cement
1788 AD Gustaf Erik Pasch #invention #safety match
1788 AD Pierre Joseph Pelletier #chemistry, pharmacology #
1787 AD Joseph von Fraunhofer #invention, physics #spectroscope, diffraction grating
1787 AD Semen Korsakov #invention #punched card for information storage
1786 AD William George Horner #invention, math, optics #Daedaleum
1786 AD Pavel Schilling #invention #first electromagnetic telegraph, mine with an electric fuse
1786 AD Giovanni Battista Amici #invention #dipleidoscope, Amici prism
1786 AD Marc Seguin #invention #wire-cable suspension bridge
1786 AD Jean de Charpentier #geology #
1786 AD Thomas Nuttall #botany, zoology #
1785 AD Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar #invention #Arithmometer
1785 AD Claude-Louis Navier #math, physics, chemistry #
1785 AD Karl Drais #invention #dandy horse, Draisine
1785 AD Adam Sedgwick #geology #
1784 AD Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel #math, astronomy #
1784 AD Samuel Hunter Christie #invention #Wheatstone bridge
1784 AD William Buckland #geology, palaeontology #
1783 AD John Blenkinsop #invention #Blenkinsop rack railway system
1783 AD Alexander Sablukov #invention #centrifugal fan
1782 AD Charles Babbage #invention, math, computer_s #Analytical engine (semi-automatic)
1782 AD Samuel Guthrie #invention, medicine #chloroform
1781 AD Simeon-Denis Poisson #math, probability, electricity, magnetism #
1781 AD David Brewster #invention #Kaleidoscope
1781 AD George Stephenson #invention, civil engineering, mechanical engineering #steam railway
1781 AD Rene Laennec #invention #stethoscope
1780 AD Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner #invention, chemistry #Dobereiner's lamp
1780 AD Aeneas Coffey #invention #Coffey still
1779 AD Tabitha Babbit #invention #Saw mill, circular saw
1779 AD Nicolas Clement #physics, chemistry #
1779 AD Jons Jacob Berzelius #chemistry #
1778 AD Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac #physics, chemistry #
1778 AD Humphry Davy #chemistry, electrochemistry #Davy miners lamp
1777 AD Carl Friedrich Gauss #math, statistics, physics, astronomy #
1777 AD Hans Christian Orsted #invention, physics, chemistry #electromagnetism, aluminium
1776 AD Amedeo Avogadro #science #
1776 AD Giuseppe Zamboni #invention #Zamboni pile (early battery)
1775 AD Andre-Marie Ampere #math, physics, electrodynamics #
1775 AD Petro Prokopovych #invention #early beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties
1774 AD Jean-Baptiste Biot #math, physics, astronomy #
1774 AD John Howard Kyan #invention #The process of Kyanization used for wood preservation
1774 AD Francis Beaufort #hydrography #Beaufort scale, Beaufort cipher
1773 AD Andrei Sychra #invention #seven-string guitar
1773 AD Friedrich Mohs #geology, mineralogy #
1773 AD Thomas Young #physics, medicine #
1773 AD George Cayley #invention, aerodynamics #tension-spoke wheels
1773 AD Robert Brown #botany #
1772 AD Luke Howard #meteorology #
1772 AD William Congreve #invention #Congreve rocket
1772 AD Eli Terry #invention #shelf clock mechanism
1771 AD Thomas Wedgwood #invention #first (not permanent) photograph
1771 AD Henry Maudslay #invention #screw-cutting lathe, bench micrometer
1771 AD Richard Trevithick #invention #high-pressure steam engine, first full-scale steam locomotive
1770 AD Thomas Johann Seebeck #physics #
1769 AD William Smith #geology #
1769 AD Georges Cuvier #biology, comparative anatomy, palaeontology #
1769 AD Alexander von Humboldt #biogeography #
1768 AD Jean Robert Argand #math #
1768 AD Joseph Fourier #math, physics, engineering #
1768 AD Richard Hall Gower #invention #ship's hull and rigging
1766 AD John Dalton #physics, chemistry, meteorology #
1766 AD Charles Macintosh #invention #waterproof raincoat, life vest
1766 AD Thomas Robert Malthus #economics #
1765 AD Robert Fulton #invention #first commercially successful steamboat, first practical submarine
1765 AD Joseph Nicephore Niepce #invention #photography, heliography, pyreolophore
1765 AD Paolo Ruffini #math #
1765 AD George William Manby #invention #Fire extinguisher
1765 AD Eli Whitney #invention #the cotton gin
1764 AD Antonio Benedetto Carpano #invention #Vermouth
1763 AD Claude Chappe #invention #Semaphore line
1762 AD Samuel Morey #invention #internal combustion engine
1761 AD Henry Shrapnel #invention #Shrapnel shell ammunition
1761 AD Caspar Wistar #anatomy #
1760 AD Johan Gadolin #chemistry, physics, mineralogy #Gadolinium
1760 AD Hanaoka Seishu #invention, medicine #General anaesthetic
1759 AD William Kirby #entomology #
1758 AD Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier #science #
1757 AD Erik Acharius #lichenology #
1756 AD John Loudon McAdam #invention #improved "macadam" road surface
1756 AD Ernst Chladni #acoustics #
1755 AD James Parkinson #medicine #
1754 AD Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier #invention, physics, chemistry, aviation #Roziere balloon
1754 AD William Murdoch #invention #Gas lighting
1753 AD Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) #physics #
1752 AD Adrien-Marie Legendre #math, calculus #
1750 AD Ami Argand #invention #Argand lamp
1749 AD Nicolas Appert #invention #canning (food preservation) using glass bottles
1749 AD Edward Jenner #biology, medicine, immunology #
1749 AD Pierre-Simon Laplace #math, probability, physics, astronomy #
1748 AD John Playfair #math, geology, statistical graphics #
1746 AD Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles #invention, chemistry #baloon valve, hydrometer and reflecting goniometer
1746 AD Gaspard Monge #math, descriptive geometry #
1746 AD Giuseppe Piazzi #math, astronomy #
1745 AD Johan Christian Fabricius #zoology, entomology #
1745 AD Alessandro Volta #invention, physics, chemistry #battery see also Voltaic pile
1744 AD Jean-Baptiste Lamarck #biology, natural history, evolution #
1743 AD Jean-Paul Marat #physics #
1743 AD Joseph Banks #natural history, botany #
1743 AD Antoine Lavoisier #chemistry, biology #
1742 AD Carl Wilhelm Scheele #chemistry #
1742 AD Nicolas Leblanc #chemical engineering #
1741 AD William Withering #botany, geology, chemistry, medicine #
1740 AD Montgolfier brothers #invention #1740-1810 and 1745-1799 - hot air balloon
1739 AD Cornelius de Pauw #geographer #
1738 AD William Herschel #astronomy, identification science #fingerprinting
1738 AD Joseph-Ignace Guillotin #invention #Guillotine
1737 AD Luigi Galvani #physics, biology #
1737 AD Charles Hutton #math #
1736 AD Charles-Augustin de Coulomb #physics, engineering #
1736 AD Joseph-Louis Lagrange #math, mechanics #
1736 AD James Watt #invention, mechanical engineering, chemistry #improved Steam engine
1735 AD Ivan Kulibin #invention #egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, optical telegraph
1735 AD Alexandre-Theophile Vandermonde #math #
1734 AD John Barber #invention #gas turbine
1733 AD Joseph Priestley #invention, chemistry #soda water
1733 AD Jeremiah Dixon #astronomy #
1732 AD Nevil Maskelyne #astronomy #
1732 AD Joseph Lalande #astronomy #
1731 AD Henry Cavendish #physics, chemistry #
1730 AD Jan Ingenhousz #physics, chemistry #
1730 AD Charles Messier #astronomy #
1729 AD Anders Chydenius #economics #
1728 AD John Hunter #surgery #
1728 AD Joseph Black #physics, chemistry, medicine #
1728 AD Johann Heinrich Lambert #math, science #
1728 AD Ivan Polzunov #invention #first two-cylinder steam engine
1728 AD James Cook #cartography #
1728 AD Charles Mason #astronomy #
1726 AD James Hutton #geology #
1725 AD Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot #invention #first steam-powered road vehicle
1724 AD John Michell #physics, geology #
1723 AD Antoine Louis #invention #Guillotine
1723 AD Adam Smith #economics #
1722 AD Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche #astronomy #
1720 AD James Hargreaves #invention #spinning jenny
1718 AD Maria Agnesi #physics, chemistry, botany, zoology #
1718 AD John Roebuck #invention #lead chamber process for sulfuric acid synthesis
1716 AD Antonio de Ulloa #science #
1713 AD Jozef Karol Hell #invention #the water pillar
1711 AD Mikhail Lomonosov #invention, physics, astronomy #night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, re-invented smalt
1711 AD Roger Joseph Boscovich #math, physics, astronomy #
1710 AD Thomas Simpson #math #
1710 AD William Cullen #invention #first artificial refrigerator
1709 AD Georg Wilhelm Steller #botany, zoology #
1707 AD Georges Louis Leclerc #math, probability #
1707 AD Leonhard Euler #math, graph theory #
1707 AD Carl Linnaeus #invention, ecology, botany, medicine, zoology #formal Binomial nomenclature for living organisms, Horologium Florae
1706 AD Benjamin Franklin #invention, physics #pointed lightning rod conductor, bifocal glasses, Franklin stove, glass harmonica
1705 AD Peter Artedi #ichthyology #
1704 AD Gabriel Cramer #math #
1702 AD Thomas Bayes #math, statistics, probability #
1701 AD Anders Celsius #invention, math, physics, astronomy #Celsius temperature scale
1701 AD Charles Marie de La Condamine #math, astronomy, geography #
1700 AD Daniel Bernoulli #math, economics #
1700 AD Ewald Georg von Kleist #invention, physics #Kleistian jar
1700 AD Jean-Antoine Nollet #invention #Electroscope
1699 AD Yefim Smolin #invention #table-glass (stakan granyonyi)
1698 AD Pierre Bouguer #geophysics, geodesy, astronomy #
1698 AD Colin Maclaurin #math, calculus, geometry #
1698 AD Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis #math #
1698 AD Charles Francois de Cisternay du Fay #chemistry #
1693 AD John Harrison #invention #marine chronometer
1692 AD Pieter van Musschenbroek #invention #Leyden jar, pyrometer
1692 AD James Stirling #math #
1690 AD Christian Goldbach #math #
1687 AD Leonty Shamshurenkov #invention #self-propelling carriage, original odometer
1686 AD Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit #invention, physics #Fahrenheit temperature scale, Mercury-in-glass thermometer
1685 AD George Hadley #meteorology #trade winds
1685 AD Brook Taylor #math #
1685 AD Johann Maria Farina #invention #Eau de Cologne
1685 AD Bartolomeu de Gusmao #invention #early air balloons
1683 AD Andrey Nartov #invention #first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool - supporting carriage and a set of gears
1682 AD John Hadley #math, invention #Octant
1680 AD Richard Cantillon #economics #
1678 AD Pierre Fauchard #dentistry #
1677 AD Jacques Cassini #astronomy #
1672 AD Peter I the Great, Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov, Tsar and Emperor of Russia #invention #decimal currency, sounding weight probe
1667 AD Abraham De Moivre #math, probability #
1667 AD Jean Bernoulli #math #
1666 AD Stephen Gray #chemistry #
1661 AD Guillaume de l'Hopital #math #
1661 AD Christopher Polhem #invention #Padlock
1660 AD Motorins Ivan Feodorovich #invention #and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (1750) - Tsar Bell
1659 AD Muhammad Salih Tahtawi #invention #seamless globe and celestial globe
1656 AD Nicolaas Hartsoeker #math, physics, microscopy #
1656 AD Edmond Halley #math, physics, geophysics, astronomy, meteorology, actuarial science #
1655 AD Bartolomeo Cristofori #invention #piano
1654 AD Jacques Bernoulli #math, probability #
1652 AD Michel Rolle #math #
1650 AD Thomas Savery #invention #steam engine
1648 AD Giovanni Ceva #math #
1646 AD Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz #math, calculus #
1644 AD Ole Romer #astronomy #
1642 AD Isaac Newton #invention, math, calculus, mechanics #reflecting telescope (which reduces chromatic aberration)
1640 AD Bernard Lamy #math #
1638 AD James Gregory #invention, math #Gregorian telescope
1638 AD Nicolas Steno #geology, anatomy #
1637 AD Jan Swammerdam #biology, entomology #
1635 AD Robert Hooke #invention, physics, chemistry, microscopy #balance wheel, iris diaphragm, acoustic telephone
1632 AD Antonie van Leeuwenhoek #invention, biology, microbiology, microscopy #Microscope
1632 AD Christopher Wren #math, physics, astronomy #
1630 AD Isaac Barrow #math #
1630 AD Hennig Brand #alchemy #
1629 AD Christiaan Huygens #math, probability, physics, astronomy #pendulum clock
1628 AD Marcello Malpighi #anatomy, histology #
1627 AD Robert Boyle #physics, chemistry #
1627 AD John Ray #botany, zoology #
1626 AD Francesco Redi #biology, parasitology #
1625 AD Giovanni Domenico Cassini #math, astronomy #
1623 AD Blaise Pascal #invention, math, probability, physics #Pascal's calculator
1620 AD John Graunt #math, statistics, demography, epidemiology #
1620 AD Jean Picard #astronomy #
1616 AD John Wallis #math #
1608 AD Evangelista Torricelli #invention, math, physics #barometer
1602 AD Otto von Guericke #invention, physics #vacuum pump, manometer, dasymeter
1602 AD Gilles de Roberval #invention #Roberval balance (weighing scale)
1601 AD Pierre de Fermat #math, analytic geometry, probability #
1598 AD Bonaventura Cavalieri #math #
1598 AD Giovanni Battista Riccioli #astronomy #
1596 AD Rene Descartes #math, analytic geometry #
1591 AD Girard Desargues #math, projective geometry, engineering #
1588 AD Marin Mersenne #math #
1582 AD Fathullah Shirazi #invention #early volley gun
1580 AD Pierre Vernier #invention #Vernier scale
1580 AD Willebrord Snellius #math, physics, astronomy #
1578 AD William Harvey #physiology, anatomy #
1575 AD William Oughtred #invention, math #slide rule
1572 AD Rafael Bombelli #math #
1571 AD Johannes Kepler #math, astronomy #
1570 AD Hans Lippershey #invention, refracting telescope #associated with the appearance of the refracting telescope
1564 AD Galileo Galilei #invention, math, physics, astronomy #
1563 AD William Lee #invention #Stocking frame knitting machine
1561 AD Henry Briggs #math, logarithms #
1561 AD Francis Bacon #physics #
1561 AD John Harington #invention #the flush toilet
1550 AD John Napier #math #logarithms
1550 AD Cornelis Corneliszoon #invention #wind powered sawmill
1548 AD Simon Stevin #invention, math, engineering #land yacht
1546 AD Tycho Brahe #astronomy #
1544 AD William Gilbert #astronomy, electrical engineering #
1526 AD Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf #invention #steam turbine, six-cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump, framed sextant
1523 AD Gabriele Falloppio (Fallopius) #biology, anatomy, medicine #
1514 AD Andreas Vesalius #biology, modern human anatomy #
1510 AD Ivan Fyodorov #invention #invented multi-barreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia
1510 AD Ambroise Pare #surgery #
1509 AD Michael Servetus #medicine #
1501 AD Gerolamo Cardano #invention, math, probability, cryptography, physics #Cardan grille
1499 AD Niccolo Tartaglia #math #
1494 AD Georgius Agricola #mineralogy #
1493 AD Paracelsus #medicine, toxicology #
1473 AD Nicolaus Copernicus #math, physics, astronomy #
1452 AD Leonardo da Vinci #math, geometry, mechanics, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics #helicopter, tank, parachute
1447 AD Luca Pacioli #accounting, bookkeeping #
1436 AD Johannes Muller von Konigsberg (Regiomontanus) #math #
1398 AD Johann Gutenberg #invention #movable type printing press
1385 AD Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu #invention, medicine #illustrated surgical atlas
1380 AD Jamshid al-Kashi #invention, computer_s #plate of conjunctions, analog planetary computer
1371 AD Zheng He #invention #Chinese treasure ship
1340 AD Madhava of Sangamagrama #classical analysis #
1332 AD Ibn Khaldun #demography, historiography, economics #
1320 AD Nicole Oresme #physics, monetary economics #
1304 AD Ibn al-Shatir #invention #"jewel box" device which combined a compass with a universal sundial
1300 AD Chu Shih-chieh #math #
1300 AD Guy de Chauliac #surgery #
1300 AD Jean Buridan #physics #
1299 AD Giacomo da Lentini #invention #Sonnet
1292 AD William of Saint-Cloud #astronomy #
1287 AD William of Ockham #logic #
1274 AD Abu Yusuf Yaqub #invention #siege cannon
1250 AD Theodoric of Freiberg #physics #
1235 AD Abi Bakr of Isfahan #invention #mechanical geared astrolabe with lunisolar calendar
1213 AD Ibn al-Nafis #medicine #
1201 AD Nasir al-Din al-Tusi #math, trigonometry, invention #observatory, Tusi couple
1187 AD Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi #invention #counterweight trebuchet, mangonel
1175 AD Robert Grosseteste #science #
1170 AD Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) #math #
1136 AD Al-Jazari #invention #
1135 AD Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi #invention #linear astrolabe
1126 AD Ibn Rushd (Averroes) #physics #
1115 AD Al-Khazini #invention, math, astronomy #hydrostatic balance
1114 AD Bhaskara #math #
1085 AD Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) #physics #
1031 AD Shen Kuo #invention, physics, astronomy, geomorphology #improved gnomon, armillary sphere, clepsydra, sighting tube
1028 AD Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (Arzachel) #invention #almanac, equatorium, universal astrolabe
1020 AD Su Song #invention #first chain drive
991 AD Guido of Arezzo #invention #Guidonian hand, musical notation, music staff
990 AD Bi Sheng #invention #clay movable type printing
980 AD Ibn Sina (Avicenna) #invention, medicine #
973 AD Al-Biruni #geodesy #
965 AD Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) #invention, math, experimental physics, optics #camera obscura, pinhole camera, magnifying glass
945 AD Al-Sijzi #invention, astronomy #heliocentric astrolabe
940 AD Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi #invention, astronomy #astronomical sextant
940 AD Ibn Sahl #math #
936 AD Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) #invention #catgut surgical suture, various surgical instruments and dental devices
903 AD Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) #invention #timekeeping astrolabe, navigational astrolabe, surveying astrolabe
895 AD Ibn Al-Jazzar (Algizar) #invention #sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction treatment drugs
854 AD Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) #invention, chemistry, biology, pediatrics #
810 AD Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) #invention #artificial wings, fused quartz and silica glass, metronome
806 AD Muhammad al-Fazari #invention #astrolabe
801 AD Al-Kindi (Alkindus) #invention, chemistry, statistics, cryptanalysis #distillation of wine, cryptanalysis, frequency analysis
800 AD Banu Musa brothers #invention #
786 AD Al-Ma'mun #invention #singing bird automata, terrestrial globe
780 AD Algoritmi #invention, math, astronomy #modern algebra, mural instrument, horary and Sine quadrant, shadow square
721 AD Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) #astronomy, chemistry #
683 AD Yi Xing #invention #astronomical clock
598 AD Brahmagupta #math, astronomy #
465 AD Aryabhata #math, mensuration #Aryabhatiya
370 AD Hypatia #math, astronomy, mechanics #
320 AD Pappus of Alexandria #math, geometry #
250 AD Diophantus of Alexandria #math #
220 AD Ma Jun #invention #south-pointing chariot, mechanical puppet theater, chain pumps, improved silk looms
200 AD Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) #math, trigonometry, astronomy #
129 AD Aelius Galenus (Claudius Galenus) #medicine #
100 AD Menelaus of Alexandria #math, astronomy #
78 AD Zhang Heng #invention, math, astronomy, engineering #seismoscope, first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere
50 AD Cai Lun #invention #paper, the paper-making process
23 AD Pliny the Elder #natural history #
10 AD Hero of Alexandria (Heron) #invention, math, mensuration, optics #aeolipile
-124 BC Asclepiades of Bithynia #molecular medicine #
-190 BC Hipparchus of Nicaea #math, trigonometry, astronomy #
-190 BC Seleucus of Seleucia #astronomy #
-262 BC Apollonius of Perga #math #
-270 BC Aristarchus of Samos #math #
-275 BC Eratosthenes of Cyrene #math, astronomy, geography #
-287 BC Archimedes of Syracuse #math, geometry, hydrostatics #surface area and volume of a sphere, area of a segment of a parabola
-300 BC Euclid #math, geometry #
-371 BC Chanakya #early economics #
-380 BC Eudoxus of Cnidus #math, astronomy #
-384 BC Aristotle #deductive logic, physics, astronomy, geology, biology, psychology #
-460 BC Democritus #math #atomic theory
-469 BC Hippocrates of Kos #clinical medicine #
-500 BC Pythagoras #math, number theory #
-500 BC Zeno of Elea #physics #
-585 BC Thales of Miletus #math #the theorem that the angle in a semicircle is a right angle
-600 BC Sushruta #invention, medicine #plastic surgery, cataract surgery, rhinoplasty

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